Department for General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017 Sep 1;41(5):640-652. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux033.
Glycerol and glycerol-containing compounds such as lipids belong to the most abundant organic compounds that may serve as nutrient for many bacteria. For the cell wall-less bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma, glycerol derived from phospholipids of their human or animal hosts is the major source of carbon and energy. The lipids are first degraded by lipases, and the resulting glycerophosphodiesters are transported into the cell and cleaved to release glycerol-3-phosphate. Alternatively, free glycerol can be transported, and then become phosphorylated. The oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate in Mycoplasma spp. as well as in related firmicutes involves a hydrogen peroxide-generating glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase. This enzyme is a key player in the virulence of Mycoplasma spp. as the produced hydrogen peroxide is one of the major virulence factors of these bacteria. In this review, the different components involved in the utilization of lipids and glycerol in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and related bacteria are discussed.
甘油和含甘油的化合物（如脂质）属于最丰富的有机化合物之一，它们可能作为许多细菌的营养物质。对于无细胞壁的支原体属细菌，来自其人类或动物宿主的磷脂中的甘油是碳和能量的主要来源。脂质首先被脂肪酶降解，产生的甘油磷酸二酯被运入细胞并裂解以释放甘油-3-磷酸。或者，可以运输游离甘油，然后进行磷酸化。在支原体属细菌以及相关的厚壁菌门中，甘油-3-磷酸的氧化涉及生成过氧化氢的甘油-3-磷酸氧化酶。这种酶是支原体属细菌毒力的关键因素，因为产生的过氧化氢是这些细菌的主要毒力因子之一。在这篇综述中，讨论了肺炎支原体和相关细菌中利用脂质和甘油的不同成分。
