Lefebvre Claudine, Kimpe Linda E, Metcalfe Chris D, Trudeau Vance L, Blais Jules M
30 Marie-Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K8J 7B8, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Dec;231(Pt 2):1593-1600. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.062. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
The synthetic polycyclic musks HHCB (Galaxolide) and AHTN (Tonalide) were monitored in fathead minnows (FHMs) caged for a month at various locations in the North Saskatchewan River (NSR), upstream and downstream of the Gold Bar wastewater treatment plant that serves the city of Edmonton, AB, Canada. In addition, the distribution of these musk compounds in the river was predicted using the fugacity-based Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interface (QWASI) model. In FHMs caged 0.15 km downstream of the wastewater outfall, mean concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were 7.4 and 0.4 μg g wet weight, respectively. These are among the highest reported concentrations of these musk compounds in fish exposed to treated wastewater. The musk concentrations in FHMs were significantly lower further downstream of the outfall. High bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in FHMs that exceeded 10 higher than estimated concentrations in water indicated that there were low rates of biotransformation of the musks in the fish. In the FHMs caged at the site closest to the wastewater outfall, HHCB concentrations in FHMs were comparable to the body burdens that have been reported to moderate expression of vitellogenin in female rainbow trout, indicating that fish in the NSR downstream of the wastewater outfall may be at risk of anti-estrogenic effects. The QWASI model applied to six individual river sections of the NSR predicted that the largest fluxes of HHCB and AHTN would be for downstream transport in water, which explains why FHMs accumulated elevated concentrations of the musks at the furthest downstream site, 9.9 km from the wastewater discharge.
在加拿大艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿市的戈德巴废水处理厂上游和下游的北萨斯喀彻温河（NSR）不同地点，对养殖一个月的黑头呆鱼（FHM）体内的合成多环麝香HHCB（佳乐麝香）和AHTN（吐纳麝香）进行了监测。此外，使用基于逸度的定量水-气-沉积物界面（QWASI）模型预测了这些麝香化合物在河流中的分布。在废水排放口下游0.15公里处养殖的FHM中，HHCB和AHTN的平均浓度分别为湿重7.4微克/克和0.4微克/克。这些是在接触经过处理的废水的鱼类中报告的这些麝香化合物的最高浓度之一。排放口下游更远位置的FHM中的麝香浓度显著降低。FHM中超过10的高生物富集因子（BCF）高于水中估计浓度，表明鱼类体内麝香的生物转化速率较低。在最靠近废水排放口的地点养殖的FHM中，HHCB浓度与据报道会使雌性虹鳟鱼卵黄蛋白原表达适度的体内负荷相当，这表明废水排放口下游NSR中的鱼类可能面临抗雌激素效应的风险。应用于NSR六个独立河段的QWASI模型预测，HHCB和AHTN的最大通量将是在水中向下游输送，这解释了为什么FHM在距废水排放9.9公里的最下游地点积累了较高浓度的麝香。
