Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 2017 Dec;99:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Overweight and obese individuals show increased psychological and physiological reactivity to food cues and many of them have difficulties in achieving long-term weight loss. The current study tests whether abnormalities in the learning and extinction of appetitive responses to food cues might be responsible for this. Overweight/obese and healthy weight women completed a differential appetitive conditioning task using food as rewards, while eating expectancies, eating desires, conditioned stimulus evaluations, salivation, and electrodermal responses were assessed during an acquisition and extinction phase. Results suggested reduced discriminative conditioning in the overweight/obese group, as reflected by a worse acquisition of differential eating desires and no successful acquisition of differential evaluative responses. Some evidence was also found for impaired contingency learning in overweight and obese individuals. No group differences in conditioned salivation and skin conductance responses were found and no compelling evidence for differences in extinction was found as well. In sum, the current findings indicate that overweight and obesity may be characterized by reduced appetitive conditioning. It is suggested that this could be causally related to overeating via stronger context conditioning or a tendency towards overgeneralization in overweight and obese individuals.
超重和肥胖个体对食物线索表现出增强的心理和生理反应，其中许多人难以实现长期减肥。本研究测试了对食物线索的食欲反应的学习和消退异常是否与此有关。超重/肥胖和健康体重的女性使用食物作为奖励完成了差异性食欲条件作用任务，同时在获得和消退阶段评估了进食期望、进食欲望、条件刺激评估、唾液分泌和皮肤电反应。结果表明，超重/肥胖组的辨别性条件作用降低，表现为差异进食欲望的获得较差，以及差异评价反应的无法成功获得。超重和肥胖个体的关联性学习受损也有一些证据。在条件性唾液分泌和皮肤电反应方面未发现组间差异，也未发现明显的消退差异证据。总之，目前的研究结果表明，超重和肥胖可能表现出食欲条件作用降低。这可能与超重和肥胖个体通过更强的背景条件作用或过度泛化倾向导致的过度进食有关。
