School of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302 017, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202 002, India.
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2018 Jan;41(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s00449-017-1846-3. Epub 2017 Sep 30.
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field because of its wide range of applications in science, nanoscience and biotechnology. Nanobiotechnology deals with nanomaterials synthesised or modified using biotechnology. Fungi are used to synthesise metal nanoparticles and they have vast applications in wound healing, pathogen detection and control, food preservation, textiles, fabrics, etc. The present review describes the different types of fungi used for the biosyntheses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), along with their characterisation and possible biological applications. AgNPs synthesised by other physical and chemical methods are expensive and have toxic substances adsorbed onto them. Therefore, green, simple and effective approaches have been chosen for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which are very important because of their lower toxicity and environmentally friendly behaviour. AgNPs synthesised using fungi have high monodispersity, specific composition and a narrow size range. In this regard, among the different biological methods used for metal nanoparticle synthesis, fungi are considered to be a superior biogenic method owing to their diversity and better size control. To further understand the biosynthesis of AgNPs using various fungi and evaluate their potential applications, this review discusses the antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidermatophytic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, hypotensive, and immunomodulatory activities of these AgNPs. The synthesis of AgNPs using fungi is a clean, green, inexpensive, eco-friendly, reliable, and safe method that can be used for a range of applications in real life for the benefit of human beings.
纳米技术因其在科学、纳米科学和生物技术中的广泛应用而迅速发展。纳米生物技术涉及使用生物技术合成或修饰的纳米材料。真菌被用于合成金属纳米粒子，它们在伤口愈合、病原体检测和控制、食品保存、纺织品、织物等方面有广泛的应用。本综述描述了用于生物合成银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的不同真菌类型，以及它们的特性和可能的生物学应用。用其他物理和化学方法合成的 AgNPs 昂贵，并且吸附有有毒物质。因此，选择了绿色、简单和有效的方法来生物合成 AgNPs，这非常重要，因为它们的毒性更低，对环境更友好。用真菌合成的 AgNPs 具有高单分散性、特定组成和较窄的粒径范围。在这方面，在用于金属纳米粒子合成的不同生物方法中，真菌被认为是一种优越的生物发生方法，因为它们的多样性和更好的尺寸控制。为了进一步了解各种真菌对 AgNPs 的生物合成及其潜在应用，本综述讨论了这些 AgNPs 的抗菌、抑菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、保肝、细胞毒性、降压和免疫调节活性。真菌合成 AgNPs 是一种清洁、绿色、廉价、环保、可靠和安全的方法，可以用于现实生活中的各种应用，造福人类。
