Lopus Sara
Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Louis A. Simpson 60 International Building, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,
J Marriage Fam. 2017 Aug;79(4):897-914. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12393. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Children typically receive investments from their fathers, but absent fathers often invest at low levels. In fathers' absence, what types of non-fathers invest heavily in children? This paper investigates educational participation as a reflection of childhood investments on Ibo Island, Mozambique, where only one third of school-aged children live with their biological fathers. Father-present children generally attended school at the highest rates. Stepchildren and father-absent relatives (e.g. grandchildren, nieces) attended school at comparably high rates if any co-residing children were father-present. This may signal high altruism among present fathers toward some non-offspring. Consistent with this result, a fixed-effects model indicates that, within the same household, adult males invested equally in their own children, relatives, and stepchildren. However, prejudicially lower investments were made in children who were unrelated to the household's adult males; this result has strong negative implications for the wellbeing of African children who are fostered by non-relatives.
儿童通常会得到来自父亲的投入，但缺少父亲的情况下，投入往往较少。在父亲缺失的情况下，哪些非父亲角色会对孩子大量投入呢？本文以莫桑比克伊博岛儿童教育参与情况为切入点，探讨童年投入情况，该岛只有三分之一的学龄儿童与亲生父亲同住。有父亲陪伴的孩子上学率通常最高。如果有同住的孩子有父亲陪伴，继子女和没有父亲的亲属（如孙子女、侄女）上学率也相对较高。这可能表明有父亲陪伴的情况下，父亲对一些非亲生子女有高度利他行为。与这一结果一致，固定效应模型表明，在同一家庭中，成年男性对自己的孩子、亲属和继子女投入均等。然而，对与家庭成年男性无亲属关系的孩子投入则明显较低；这一结果对由非亲属抚养的非洲儿童的福祉有强烈的负面影响。
