Samueli Institute, Alexandra, Virginia, USA.
Thought Leadership & Innovation Foundation, McLean, Virginia, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;75(suppl_2):17-35. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux007.
In 2001 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report on the use of caffeine during sustained military operations in which recommendations for research and practice were made.
This systematic review serves as an update on the current quality of the evidence and addresses gaps in the current literature surrounding the effects of caffeinated foods and beverages on cognitive functioning in healthy adult populations exposed to military-like moderators.
PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library were searched.
Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published in the English language since 1998 were eligible.
Twenty-five trials were included and assessed for methodological quality, and descriptive data were extracted according to each military-like moderator identified.
Moderators included sleep deprivation (n = 17), physical or mental exertion (n = 4), sleep deprivation combined with a sustained military operation (n = 3), and physical exertion combined with low ambient temperature (n = 1).
The effects of caffeine supplementation on cognitive functioning in sleep-deprived subjects included improvements in attention and vigilance, complex reaction time, and problem solving and reasoning in the trials reviewed. These findings are consistent with the conclusions reached in the 2001 IOM report. This review contributes to the field by addressing gaps outlined in the IOM report.
2001 年，美国医学研究所（IOM）发布了一份关于在持续军事行动中使用咖啡因的报告，其中提出了研究和实践建议。
本系统评价旨在更新当前证据质量，并解决当前关于在类似于军事的环境下，咖啡因食品和饮料对健康成年人认知功能影响的文献中的空白。
在 PubMed、CINAHL、Embase、PsycInfo 和 Cochrane Library 中进行了检索。
自 1998 年以来，以英文发表的同行评审随机对照试验符合入选条件。
共纳入 25 项试验，并根据每个确定的类似于军事的调节因素评估其方法学质量和描述性数据。
调节因素包括睡眠剥夺（n=17）、体力或脑力消耗（n=4）、睡眠剥夺结合持续军事行动（n=3）以及体力消耗结合低环境温度（n=1）。
在睡眠剥夺的受试者中，咖啡因补充对认知功能的影响包括在注意力和警觉性、复杂反应时间以及解决问题和推理方面的改善，这与 2001 年 IOM 报告中的结论一致。本综述通过解决 IOM 报告中概述的空白，为该领域做出了贡献。
