From King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London; the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia; the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; the University of Bergen, Norway; the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London; the Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway; and the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 1;175(1):28-36. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111223. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
The purpose of the present study was to address 1) whether exercise provides protection against new-onset depression and anxiety and 2) if so, the intensity and amount of exercise required to gain protection and, lastly, 3) the mechanisms that underlie any association.
A "healthy" cohort of 33,908 adults, selected on the basis of having no symptoms of common mental disorder or limiting physical health conditions, was prospectively followed for 11 years. Validated measures of exercise, depression, anxiety, and a range of potential confounding and mediating factors were collected.
Undertaking regular leisure-time exercise was associated with reduced incidence of future depression but not anxiety. The majority of this protective effect occurred at low levels of exercise and was observed regardless of intensity. After adjustment for confounders, the population attributable fraction suggests that, assuming the relationship is causal, 12% of future cases of depression could have been prevented if all participants had engaged in at least 1 hour of physical activity each week. The social and physical health benefits of exercise explained a small proportion of the protective effect. Previously proposed biological mechanisms, such as alterations in parasympathetic vagal tone, did not appear to have a role in explaining the protection against depression.
Regular leisure-time exercise of any intensity provides protection against future depression but not anxiety. Relatively modest changes in population levels of exercise may have important public mental health benefits and prevent a substantial number of new cases of depression.
本研究旨在探讨 1）运动是否对新发抑郁和焦虑提供保护，以及 2）如果是，获得保护所需的运动强度和量，最后 3）潜在关联的机制。
选择了 33908 名“健康”成年人作为队列，他们没有常见精神障碍或限制身体健康状况的症状，前瞻性随访 11 年。收集了经过验证的运动、抑郁、焦虑以及一系列潜在混杂和中介因素的测量数据。
定期进行休闲时间的运动与未来抑郁发生率降低有关，但与焦虑无关。这种保护作用主要发生在运动水平较低的情况下，且无论运动强度如何都能观察到。在调整混杂因素后，人群归因分数表明，如果所有参与者每周至少进行 1 小时的身体活动，假设这种关系是因果关系，那么 12%的未来抑郁症病例可以得到预防。运动的社会和身体健康益处仅解释了保护作用的一小部分。以前提出的生物学机制，如副交感迷走神经张力的改变，似乎没有在解释对抑郁的保护作用中发挥作用。
任何强度的定期休闲时间运动都可以预防未来的抑郁，但不能预防焦虑。人群运动水平的适度变化可能对公共心理健康有重要的益处，并预防大量新的抑郁病例。
