Katiki L M, Gomes A C P, Barbieri A M E, Pacheco P A, Rodrigues L, Veríssimo C J, Gutmanis G, Piza A M, Louvandini H, Ferreira J F S
Instituto de Zootecnia IZ, APTA, SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil.
Instituto de Zootecnia IZ, APTA, SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2017 Nov 15;246:118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 9.
Haemonchus contortus is the most important nematode in small ruminant systems, and has developed tolerance to all commercial anthelmintics in several countries. In vitro (egg hatch assay) and in vivo tests were performed with a multidrug strain of Haemonchus contortus using Terminalia catappa leaf, fruit pulp, and seed extracts (in vitro), or pulp and seed powder in lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. Crude extracts from leaves, fruit pulp and seeds obtained with 70% acetone were lyophilized until used. In vitro, the extracts had LC=2.48μg/mL (seeds), LC=4.62μg/mL (pulp), and LC=20μg/mL (leaves). In vitro, seed and pulp extracts had LC similar to Thiabendazole (LC=1.31μg/mL). Condensed tannins were more concentrated in pulp extract (183.92g of leucocyanidin/kg dry matter) than in either leaf (4.6g) or seed (35.13g) extracts. Phytochemical tests established that all extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids. Based on these results, in vivo tests were performed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of T. catappa whole fruit (pulp+seed) powder. Male Santa Ines lambs were artificially infected with multidrug-resistant H. contortus and divided, according to similar fecal egg count (FEC) and weight, into two groups: Control (infected/untreated) and treated (infected/treated with whole fruit powder). Whole fruit powder was mixed with concentrate and provided at 2g/kg of body weight (BW) for five days. After treatment, parasitological analysis (FEC and egg hatch assay), renal profile (urea and creatinine), liver profile (aspartate aminotransferase) and BW were determined. In vitro (based on LC), seed/pulp extracts had ovicidal effect similar to Thiabendazole but whole fruit powder had no anthelmintic effect on adult nematodes in the abomasum. We discuss the plausible causes of the lack of in vivo activity.
捻转血矛线虫是小型反刍动物系统中最重要的线虫，在几个国家已对所有商用驱虫药产生耐受性。使用榄仁树叶、果肉和种子提取物（体外实验），或在实验感染捻转血矛线虫的羔羊中使用果肉和种子粉末，对一株耐多药的捻转血矛线虫进行了体外（虫卵孵化试验）和体内试验。用70%丙酮获得的树叶、果肉和种子粗提物冻干备用。体外实验中，提取物的半数致死浓度分别为：种子提取物LC=2.48μg/mL，果肉提取物LC=4.62μg/mL，树叶提取物LC=20μg/mL。体外实验中，种子和果肉提取物的半数致死浓度与噻苯达唑相似（LC=1.31μg/mL）。缩合单宁在果肉提取物中（183.92g无色花青素/千克干物质）比在树叶（4.6g）或种子（35.13g）提取物中更浓缩。植物化学测试表明，所有提取物都含有生物碱、黄酮类化合物、皂苷、酚类和萜类化合物。基于这些结果进行了体内试验，以评估榄仁树全果（果肉+种子）粉末的驱虫活性。雄性圣伊内斯羔羊人工感染耐多药的捻转血矛线虫，并根据相似的粪虫卵计数（FEC）和体重分为两组：对照组（感染/未治疗）和治疗组（感染/用全果粉末治疗）。将全果粉末与精饲料混合，按2g/千克体重投喂五天。治疗后，进行寄生虫学分析（FEC和虫卵孵化试验）、肾脏指标（尿素和肌酐）、肝脏指标（天冬氨酸转氨酶）和体重测定。体外实验（基于半数致死浓度）表明，种子/果肉提取物具有与噻苯达唑相似的杀卵作用，但全果粉末对皱胃中的成年线虫没有驱虫作用。我们讨论了体内活性缺乏的可能原因。
