NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht , The Netherlands.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 Sep 1;125(3):850-861. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00985.2016. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
Numerous situations, such as the recovery from illness or rehabilitation after injury, necessitate a period of muscle disuse in otherwise healthy individuals. Even a few days of immobilization or bed rest can lead to substantial loss of skeletal muscle tissue and compromise metabolic health. The decline in muscle mass is attributed largely to a decline in postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Reintroduction of some level of muscle contraction by the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can augment both postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, prevent or attenuate muscle loss during short-term disuse in various clinical populations. Whereas maintenance of habitual dietary protein consumption is a prerequisite for muscle mass maintenance, supplementing dietary protein above habitual intake levels does not prevent muscle loss during disuse in otherwise healthy humans. Combining the anabolic properties of physical activity (or surrogates) with appropriate nutritional support likely further increases the capacity to preserve skeletal muscle mass during a period of disuse. Therefore, effective interventional strategies to prevent or alleviate muscle disuse atrophy should include both exercise (mimetics) and appropriate nutritional support.
许多情况下，例如疾病康复或受伤后的康复，都需要在健康个体中经历一段时间的肌肉废用。即使几天的固定或卧床休息也会导致大量的骨骼肌组织损失，并损害代谢健康。肌肉质量的下降主要归因于餐后和餐后肌肉蛋白质合成率的下降。通过应用神经肌肉电刺激 (NMES) 引入一定程度的肌肉收缩，可以增加餐后和餐后肌肉蛋白质合成率，从而防止或减轻各种临床人群在短期废用期间的肌肉损失。虽然维持习惯性膳食蛋白质摄入是维持肌肉质量的前提，但在健康人群中，补充高于习惯性摄入量的膳食蛋白质并不能防止在废用期间的肌肉损失。将体力活动（或替代物）的合成代谢特性与适当的营养支持相结合，可能会进一步增加在废用期间保留骨骼肌质量的能力。因此，预防或缓解肌肉废用性萎缩的有效干预策略应包括运动（模拟物）和适当的营养支持。
