Inumaru Mizue, Murata Koichi, Sato Yukita
Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan.
Laboratory of Wildlife Science, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2017 Sep 19;6(3):299-309. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.09.007. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Avian haemosporidia have been reported in various birds of Japan, which is part of the East Asian-Australian flyway and is an important stopover site for migratory birds potentially carrying new pathogens from other areas. We investigated the prevalence of avian malaria in injured wild birds, rescued in Tokyo and surrounding areas. We also evaluated the effects of migration by examining the prevalence of avian malaria for each migratory status. 475 birds of 80 species were sampled from four facilities. All samples were examined for haemosporidian infection via nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cytochrome (cyt) gene. 100 birds (21.1%) of 43 species were PCR positive for avian haemosporidia. Prevalence in wintering birds, migratory breeders, and resident birds was 46.0%, 19.3%, 17.3% respectively. There was a bias in wintering birds due to Eurasian coot () and Anseriformes. In wintering birds, lineages which are likely to be transmitted by sp. in Northern Japan and lineages from resident species of Northern Japan or continental Asia were found, suggesting that wintering birds are mainly infected at their breeding sites. Meanwhile, there were numerous lineages found from resident and migratory breeders, suggesting that they are transmitted in Japan, some possibly unique to Japan. Although there are limits in studying rescued birds, rehabilitation facilities make sampling of difficult-to-catch migratory species possible and also allow for long-term monitoring within areas.
日本是东亚 - 澳大利亚候鸟迁徙路线的一部分，也是候鸟从其他地区携带新病原体的重要中途停留地，已在日本的各种鸟类中发现了禽血孢子虫。我们调查了在东京及周边地区获救的受伤野生鸟类中禽疟疾的流行情况。我们还通过检查每种迁徙状态下禽疟疾的流行情况来评估迁徙的影响。从四个设施中采集了80种475只鸟的样本。通过细胞色素（cyt）基因的巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）检查所有样本是否感染血孢子虫。43种鸟类中的100只（21.1%）禽血孢子虫PCR检测呈阳性。越冬鸟类、迁徙繁殖鸟类和留鸟的感染率分别为46.0%、19.3%、17.3%。由于白骨顶鸡（Fulica atra）和雁形目鸟类，越冬鸟类存在偏差。在越冬鸟类中，发现了可能在日本北部由某种蚊子传播的谱系以及来自日本北部或亚洲大陆留鸟物种的谱系，这表明越冬鸟类主要在其繁殖地感染。同时，在留鸟和迁徙繁殖鸟类中发现了许多谱系，这表明它们在日本传播，有些可能是日本特有的。尽管研究获救鸟类存在局限性，但康复设施使采集难以捕获的迁徙物种样本成为可能，并且还能在区域内进行长期监测。
