Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.
Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.
J Physiol. 2017 Dec 1;595(23):7049-7062. doi: 10.1113/JP274739. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Maternal training during gestation enhances offspring body composition and energy substrates handling in early adulthood. Offspring nutrition also plays a role as some beneficial effects of maternal training during gestation disappear after consumption of a high-fat diet.
Maternal exercise during gestation has been reported to modify offspring metabolism and health. Whether these effects are exacerbated when offspring are receiving a high-fat diet remains unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal exercise before and during gestation on the offspring fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HF) by assessing its body composition, pancreatic function and energy substrates handling by two major glucose-utilizing tissues: liver and muscle. Fifteen-week-old nulliparous female Wistar rats exercised 4 weeks before as well as during gestation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). At weaning, pups from each group were fed either a standard diet (TRCD or CTCD) or a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (TRHF or CTHF) for 10 weeks. Offspring from TR dams gained less weight compared to those from CT dams. Selected fat depots were larger with the HF diet compared to control diet (CD) but significantly smaller in TRHF compared to CTHF. Surprisingly, the insulin secretion index was higher in islets from HF offspring compared to CD. TR offspring showed a higher muscle insulin sensitivity estimated by the ratio of phosphorylated protein kinase B to total protein kinase B compared with CT offspring (+48%, P < 0.05). With CD, permeabilized isolated muscle fibres from TR rats displayed a lower apparent affinity constant (K ) for pyruvate and palmitoyl coenzyme A as substrates compared to the CT group (-46% and -58%, respectively, P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal exercise has positive effects on young adult offspring body composition and on muscle carbohydrate and lipid metabolism depending on the nutritional status.
孕期母体训练可增强后代成年早期的身体成分和能量底物处理能力。后代的营养也起着一定的作用，因为孕期母体训练的一些有益影响在摄入高脂肪饮食后会消失。
已有报道称，孕期母体运动可改变后代的代谢和健康。当后代摄入高脂肪饮食时，这些影响是否会加剧尚不清楚。我们的目的是通过评估母体在妊娠前和妊娠期间进行运动对接受高脂肪/高蔗糖饮食（HF）的后代的影响，来研究其身体成分、胰腺功能以及两种主要的葡萄糖利用组织：肝脏和肌肉的能量底物处理能力。15 周龄的未产 Wistar 雌性大鼠在妊娠前和妊娠期间以恒定的亚最大强度（TR）进行 4 周的运动或保持久坐（CT）。在断奶时，每组的幼崽分别喂食标准饮食（TRCD 或 CTCD）或高脂肪/高蔗糖饮食（TRHF 或 CTHF）10 周。与 CT 组相比，TR 组母鼠的后代体重增加较少。与对照饮食（CD）相比，HF 饮食的选定脂肪沉积更大，但与 CTHF 相比，TRHF 中的脂肪沉积显著较小。令人惊讶的是，HF 后代的胰岛胰岛素分泌指数高于 CD。与 CT 后代相比，TR 后代的肌肉胰岛素敏感性更高，其磷酸化蛋白激酶 B 与总蛋白激酶 B 的比值更高（+48%，P<0.05）。用 CD 喂养时，与 CT 组相比，TR 组大鼠的分离的肌纤维通透性更低，对丙酮酸和棕榈酰辅酶 A 作为底物的表观亲和力常数（K）更低（分别为-46%和-58%，P<0.05）。这些结果表明，母体运动对年轻成年后代的身体成分以及肌肉碳水化合物和脂质代谢有积极影响，这取决于营养状况。
