Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 18;23(8):4467. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084467.
Globally, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death. Most concerning is the rise in cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, diabetes and hypertension among youth, which increases the likelihood of the development of earlier and more severe cardiovascular disease. While lifestyle factors are involved in these trends, an increasing body of evidence implicates environmental exposures in early life on health outcomes in adulthood. Maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy, which have increased dramatically in recent years, also have profound effects on fetal growth and development. Mounting evidence is emerging that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy have lifelong effects on cardiovascular risk factors and heart disease development. However, the mechanisms responsible for these observations are unknown. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent experimental studies, showing that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy affect energy metabolism and heart disease development in the offspring, with a focus on the mechanisms involved. We also evaluate early proof-of-concept studies for interventions that could mitigate maternal obesity and gestational diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease risk in the offspring.
在全球范围内，心血管疾病仍然是导致死亡的主要原因。最令人担忧的是，肥胖、糖尿病和高血压等心血管危险因素在年轻人中的发病率上升，这增加了他们更早、更严重的心血管疾病发展的可能性。尽管生活方式因素与这些趋势有关，但越来越多的证据表明，生命早期的环境暴露会对成年后的健康结果产生影响。近年来，孕妇肥胖和糖尿病急剧增加，也对胎儿的生长和发育产生了深远的影响。越来越多的证据表明，孕妇肥胖和糖尿病会对心血管危险因素和心脏病的发展产生终身影响。然而，这些观察结果的机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的实验研究结果，表明孕妇肥胖和糖尿病会影响后代的能量代谢和心脏病的发展，重点介绍了相关的机制。我们还评估了早期的概念验证研究，这些研究探讨了干预措施是否可以减轻孕妇肥胖和妊娠糖尿病引起的后代心血管疾病风险。
