Department of Spatial Economics/SPINlab, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Geodan Research Department, President Kennedylaan 1, 1079MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jan 1;205:107-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.042. Epub 2017 Oct 11.
Wind turbine site planning is a multidisciplinary task comprising of several stakeholder groups from different domains and with different priorities. An information system capable of integrating the knowledge on the multiple aspects of a wind turbine plays a crucial role on providing a common picture to the involved groups. In this study, we have developed an interactive and intuitive 3D system (Falcon) for planning wind turbine locations. This system supports iterative design loops (wind turbine configurations), based on the emerging field of geodesign. The integration of GIS, game engine and the analytical models has resulted in an interactive platform with real-time feedback on the multiple wind turbine aspects which performs efficiently for different use cases and different environmental settings. The implementation of tiling techniques and open standard web services support flexible and on-the-fly loading and querying of different (massive) geospatial elements from different resources. This boosts data accessibility and interoperability that are of high importance in a multidisciplinary process. The incorporation of the analytical models in Falcon makes this system independent from external tools for different environmental impacts estimations and results in a unified platform for performing different environmental analysis in every stage of the scenario design. Game engine techniques, such as collision detection, are applied in Falcon for the real-time implementation of different environmental models (e.g. noise and visibility). The interactivity and real-time performance of Falcon in any location in the whole country assist the stakeholders in the seamless exploration of various scenarios and their resulting environmental effects and provides a scope for an interwoven discussion process. The flexible architecture of the system enables the effortless application of Falcon in other countries, conditional to input data availability. The embedded open web standards in Falcon results in a smooth integration of different input data which are increasingly available online and through standardized access mechanisms.
风力涡轮机场址规划是一项多学科任务，涉及来自不同领域和具有不同优先级的多个利益相关者群体。一个能够整合风力涡轮机多个方面知识的信息系统对于向相关群体提供共同的图景起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个用于规划风力涡轮机位置的交互式和直观的 3D 系统（Falcon）。该系统支持基于新兴的地理设计领域的迭代设计循环（风力涡轮机配置）。GIS、游戏引擎和分析模型的集成产生了一个具有实时反馈的交互式平台，可以对多个风力涡轮机方面进行高效处理，适用于不同的用例和不同的环境设置。平铺技术和开放标准 Web 服务的实现支持从不同资源灵活地即时加载和查询不同（大规模）地理空间元素。这提高了数据可访问性和互操作性，这在多学科流程中非常重要。Falcon 中分析模型的纳入使该系统独立于外部工具进行不同的环境影响评估，并在场景设计的每个阶段都实现了用于执行不同环境分析的统一平台。Falcon 中应用了诸如碰撞检测之类的游戏引擎技术，用于实时实施不同的环境模型（例如噪声和可见度）。Falcon 在全国任何地点的交互性和实时性能都有助于利益相关者无缝探索各种场景及其产生的环境影响，并为交织的讨论过程提供了空间。系统的灵活架构使 Falcon 能够在其他国家轻松应用，条件是输入数据可用。Falcon 中嵌入式的开放 Web 标准导致不同输入数据的平滑集成，这些数据越来越多地在线上通过标准化访问机制提供。
