Zhang Chenyu, Aarts Mark G M, van der Ent Antony
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
Plant Methods. 2025 Jul 17;21(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s13007-025-01412-6.
Existing methods for fluoride (F) determination in plant material require expensive equipment and specialized reagents. This study aimed to develop a simple and cost-effective method for fluoride analysis in plant samples.
Using an orthogonal assay design with certified reference material, this study optimized a sodium hydroxide extraction method (5 mol·L) with heating at 120 °C for 0.5 h, followed by the addition of potassium acetate, ionic strength adjustment, and measurement via an ion-selective electrode. The method achieved a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.41 and 4.71 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. Recovery rates ranged from 84.74 to 89.34% in Arabidopsis thaliana (intraday relative standard deviation [RSD] ≤ 2.31%, inter-day RSD ≤ 4.17%) and from 83.53 to 91.55% in Camellia sinensis (intraday RSD ≤ 3.11%, inter-day RSD ≤ 4.98%). In A. thaliana cultivated in NaF-dosed (500 µM) nutrient solution, the fluoride concentration in the shoot was 16.00 mg·kg; In C. sinensis grown under 250 µM NaF treatment, the shoot fluoride concentration was 292.71 mg·kg. Moreover, the fluoride concentration in Tea products purchased from local supermarkets ranged from 16.28 to 61.78 mg kg.
This study presents a simple, reliable, and cost-effective method for fluoride analysis in plant materials, which can be further validated through inter-laboratory testing to establish a standardized approach.
现有的植物材料中氟化物（F）测定方法需要昂贵的设备和专门的试剂。本研究旨在开发一种简单且经济高效的植物样品氟化物分析方法。
本研究使用经过认证的参考物质进行正交试验设计，优化了一种氢氧化钠提取方法（5 mol·L），在120°C加热0.5小时，随后加入醋酸钾、调节离子强度，并通过离子选择性电极进行测量。该方法的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为1.41和4.71 mg·kg⁻¹。在拟南芥中回收率为84.74%至89.34%（日内相对标准偏差[RSD]≤2.31%，日间RSD≤4.17%），在茶树中回收率为83.53%至91.55%（日内RSD≤3.11%，日间RSD≤4.98%）。在添加500 μM NaF的营养液中培养的拟南芥中，地上部分的氟化物浓度为16.00 mg·kg；在250 μM NaF处理下生长的茶树中，地上部分的氟化物浓度为292.71 mg·kg。此外，从当地超市购买的茶叶产品中的氟化物浓度在16.28至61.78 mg kg之间。
本研究提出了一种简单、可靠且经济高效的植物材料氟化物分析方法，可通过实验室间测试进一步验证，以建立标准化方法。
