Holtan N
Department of Internal Medicine, Ramsey Clinic, St Paul, MN 55101.
Postgrad Med. 1988 Jun;83(8):65-8, 72. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1988.11700302.
Amebiasis is usually contracted in geographic areas where sanitation is poor, but outbreaks can still occur anywhere that drinking water becomes contaminated with sewage. In the majority of persons infected with the parasite, colonization of the intestine is asymptomatic. In others, symptoms of gastrointestinal distress can appear within a week. In rare cases, extra-intestinal amebiasis can cause abscesses in the liver or elsewhere. Many questions about the disease course in different patients remain to be answered. Diagnosis can be made through symptom identification; findings of right-upper-quadrant tenderness, leukocytosis, and an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase; and testing the feces for trophozoites or cysts. Clinicians disagree on whether asymptomatic persons need to be treated, but anyone who is capable of transmitting the disease should be advised of how to avoid exposing others to it.
阿米巴病通常在卫生条件差的地区感染，但在任何饮用水被污水污染的地方仍可能发生暴发。在大多数感染该寄生虫的人中，肠道定植是无症状的。在其他人中，胃肠道不适症状可在一周内出现。在极少数情况下，肠外阿米巴病可导致肝脏或其他部位出现脓肿。关于不同患者的病程仍有许多问题有待解答。诊断可通过症状识别、右上腹压痛、白细胞增多和碱性磷酸酶水平升高的检查结果以及检测粪便中的滋养体或包囊来进行。临床医生对于无症状者是否需要治疗存在分歧，但任何能够传播该病的人都应被告知如何避免将其传染给他人。
