Banerjee Dibyendu, Chakraborty Baishali, Chakraborty Banya
Department of Microbiology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Department of Microbiology, Dr. B C Roy Postgraduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2017 Sep-Oct;62(5):456-458. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_378_17.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has classified all the emerging infectious diseases agents under three categories. Among Category A priority pathogens comes -the causative agent of Anthrax. It is a gram positive spore bearing bacteria, and the disease is typically associated with grazing animals, and affects the people as a zoonosis. The disease can be classically transmitted by three routes namely: cutaneous, gastrointestinal and pulmonary, with a fourth route recently identified as "injection anthrax", seen in intravenous drug abusers. Cutaneous anthrax is the commonest form in humans, accounting for 95% of all the cases. There are two main virulence factors of this bacteria, a capsule and an exotoxin, each carried by a separate toxin. Two models have been used for explaining the pathogenesis of this infection. The earlier one or "Trojan horse" model is now replaced with "jail-break" model. Centers for disease control (CDC) has issued updated guidelines for diagnosis, post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment. For immunization, anthrax vaccine absorbed is available.
美国国立过敏和传染病研究所已将所有新发传染病病原体分为三类。在A类优先病原体中，有炭疽的病原体。它是一种革兰氏阳性产芽孢细菌，这种疾病通常与食草动物有关，并作为一种人畜共患病感染人类。该疾病经典的传播途径有三种，即皮肤传播、胃肠道传播和肺部传播，最近还发现了第四种传播途径“注射性炭疽”，见于静脉吸毒者。皮肤炭疽是人类最常见的形式，占所有病例的95%。这种细菌有两个主要毒力因子，一个荚膜和一种外毒素，分别由一种单独的毒素携带。有两种模型用于解释这种感染的发病机制。较早的一种或“特洛伊木马”模型现在已被“越狱”模型所取代。疾病控制中心（CDC）已发布了关于诊断、暴露后预防和治疗的更新指南。用于免疫的有吸附炭疽疫苗。
