Antunes Joana C, Moreira Inês P, Gomes Fernanda, Cunha Fernando, Henriques Mariana, Fangueiro Raúl
Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal.
Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4710-057 Guimarães, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;14(8):1599. doi: 10.3390/polym14081599.
The rising threats to worldwide security (affecting the military, first responders, and civilians) urge us to develop efficient and versatile technological solutions to protect human beings. Soldiers, medical personnel, firefighters, and law enforcement officers should be adequately protected, so that their exposure to biological warfare agents (BWAs) is minimized, and infectious microorganisms cannot be spread so easily. Current bioprotective military garments include multilayered fabrics integrating activated carbon as a sorptive agent and a separate filtrating layer for passive protection. However, secondary contaminants emerge following their accumulation within the carbon filler. The clothing becomes too heavy and warm to wear, not breathable even, preventing the wearer from working for extended hours. Hence, a strong need exists to select and/or create selectively permeable layered fibrous structures with bioactive agents that offer an efficient filtering capability and biocidal skills, ensuring lightweightness, comfort, and multifunctionality. This review aims to showcase the main possibilities and trends of bioprotective textiles, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO-based), and organic players such as chitosan (CS)-based small-scale particles and plant-derived compounds as bioactive agents. The textile itself should be further evaluated as the foundation for the barrier effect and in terms of comfort. The outputs of a thorough, standardized characterization should dictate the best elements for each approach.
全球安全面临的威胁不断增加（影响到军队、急救人员和平民），这促使我们开发高效且通用的技术解决方案来保护人类。士兵、医务人员、消防员和执法人员应得到充分保护，以便将他们接触生物战剂（BWA）的情况降至最低，并且传染性微生物不会轻易传播。当前的生物防护军装包括多层织物，其中集成了活性炭作为吸附剂以及用于被动防护的单独过滤层。然而，碳填料中积累的二次污染物会随之出现。这种服装变得过于沉重和闷热，甚至不透气，使得穿着者无法长时间工作。因此，迫切需要选择和/或创建具有生物活性剂的选择性渗透层状纤维结构，这些结构应具备高效的过滤能力和杀菌技能，确保轻便、舒适和多功能性。本综述旨在展示生物防护纺织品的主要可能性和趋势，重点关注金属有机框架（MOF）、无机纳米颗粒（如基于ZnO的）以及有机成分，如基于壳聚糖（CS）的小规模颗粒和植物衍生化合物作为生物活性剂。纺织品本身应作为屏障效应的基础以及舒适度方面进行进一步评估。全面、标准化表征的结果应决定每种方法的最佳要素。
