Grzyb Tomasz, Dolinski Dariusz
Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2017 Sep 20;8:1632. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01632. eCollection 2017.
The article presents studies examining whether the better than average (BTA) effect appears in opinions regarding obedience of individuals participating in an experiment conducted in the Milgram paradigm. Participants are presented with a detailed description of the experiment, asked to declare at what moment an average participant would cease their participation in the study, and then asked to declare at what moment they themselves would quit the experiment. It turned out that the participants demonstrated a strong BTA effect. This effect also concerned those who had known the results of the Milgram experiment prior to the study. Interestingly, those individuals-in contrast to naive participants-judged that the average person would remain obedient for longer, but at the same time prior familiarity with the Milgram experiment did not impact convictions as to own obedience. By the same token, the BTA effect size was larger among those who had previously heard of the Milgram experiment than those who had not. Additionally, study participants were asked to estimate the behavior of the average resident of their country (Poland), as well as of average residents of several other European countries. It turned out that in participants' judgment the average Pole would withdraw from the experiment quicker than the average Russian and average German, but later than average residents of France and England.
本文介绍了一些研究，这些研究考察了在对参与米尔格拉姆范式实验的个体的服从性看法中，是否会出现高于平均水平（BTA）效应。向参与者详细描述了该实验，要求他们表明普通参与者会在何时停止参与研究，然后要求他们表明自己会在何时退出实验。结果发现，参与者表现出强烈的BTA效应。这种效应也涉及那些在研究之前就知道米尔格拉姆实验结果的人。有趣的是，与天真的参与者相比，这些人认为普通人会保持服从的时间更长，但同时，之前对米尔格拉姆实验的了解并没有影响他们对自己服从性的信念。同样，之前听说过米尔格拉姆实验的人比没听说过的人BTA效应大小更大。此外，研究参与者被要求估计他们国家（波兰）普通居民的行为，以及其他几个欧洲国家普通居民的行为。结果发现，在参与者的判断中，波兰普通居民会比俄罗斯普通居民和德国普通居民更快退出实验，但比法国和英国普通居民退出得晚。
