Greenwald Anthony G, Bellezza Francis S, Banaji Mahzarin R
University of Washington.
Ohio University.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1988 Mar;14(1):34-45. doi: 10.1177/0146167288141004.
At each of two sessions a week apart, 101 college subjects produced open-ended lists of items in nine categories of self-knowledge and also completed scales that provided measures of self-esteem, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety. Analyses showed that subjects' productions of self-knowledge were invested with self-evaluation in two ways: (a) Positiveness of self-evaluation (self-esteem) was significantly correlated with numbers of affectively positive items produced (such as liked activities, good qualities, and names of friends), and (b) concern about evaluation of self by others (social anxiety) was associated significantly with both production of relatively few items of self-knowledge and repeated production of the same items on the two testing occasions. These findings suggest that self-esteem is a pervasive component of measured self-concept, even for measures that lack manifest esteem-related content.
在每周间隔一周的两次实验环节中，101名大学生列出了九类自我认知的开放性项目清单，并完成了一些量表，这些量表用于测量自尊、私我意识、公我意识和社交焦虑。分析表明，受试者对自我认知的表达在两个方面体现了自我评价：（a）自我评价的积极性（自尊）与所列出的积极情感项目数量（如喜欢的活动、良好品质和朋友名字）显著相关；（b）对他人对自己评价的关注（社交焦虑）与自我认知项目数量相对较少以及在两次测试中重复列出相同项目显著相关。这些发现表明，自尊是所测量的自我概念中普遍存在的一个组成部分，即使对于那些缺乏明显自尊相关内容的测量也是如此。
