Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Dec;24(35):27457-27468. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0265-y. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
In Ecuador alone, 500,000 people in rural areas are estimated to have been exposed to high concentrations of As from water and food, but no quantitative evaluation of health risk has yet been made. The present study quantifies exposure and health risk for the Ecuadorian population from the ingestion of arsenic in white rice. Estimated exposure is correlated with published data on tap water quality and biomarkers of exposure for the population of two towns in the metropolitan area of Quito. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of arsenic for infants living in urban areas of Ecuador is around four times that of European infants, being equal for those livings in rural areas. EDI for the population as a whole is almost twice that of Europe, but between a half and a third of that of Brazil, Bangladesh, and India. Estimated excess lifetime risk (ELTR) for adults is 3 per 10,000, while for infants varies between 10 per 10,000 in rural areas and 20 per 10,000 in urban areas. Future research on arsenic impacts on human health in Ecuador should consider in particular poor populations living in regions where environmental arsenic concentrations are highest, including cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies.
仅在厄瓜多尔，就有 50 万农村地区居民估计因水和食物摄入了高浓度的砷，但尚未对健康风险进行定量评估。本研究量化了厄瓜多尔人口因摄入白米中的砷而产生的暴露和健康风险。估计的暴露量与基多大都市区两个城镇的自来水水质和暴露生物标志物的已发表数据相关联。居住在厄瓜多尔城市地区的婴儿的砷日均摄入量（EDI）约为欧洲婴儿的四倍，而居住在农村地区的婴儿的摄入量则相等。整个人群的 EDI 几乎是欧洲的两倍，但介于巴西、孟加拉国和印度的一半到三分之一之间。成年人的估计终生超额风险（ELTR）为每 10000 人中有 3 人，而婴儿的风险则在农村地区每 10000 人中有 10 人，在城市地区每 10000 人中有 20 人不等。未来在厄瓜多尔进行的有关砷对人类健康影响的研究应特别考虑到那些生活在环境砷浓度最高的地区的贫困人口，包括横断面和纵向流行病学研究。
