Nai Yu-Shin, Chen Tsui-Yao, Chen Yi-Cheng, Chen Chun-Ting, Chen Bor-Yann, Chen Yue-Wen
Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No.1, Sec. 1, Shennong Rd., Yilan City, Yilan County 260, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, No.1, Sec. 1, Shennong Rd., Yilan City, Yilan County 260, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Oct 1;110(5):1947-1958. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox195.
Significant pesticide residues are among the most serious problems for sustainable agriculture. In the beekeeping environment, pesticides not only impact a honey bee's survival, but they also contaminate bee products. Taiwan's agricultural environment has suffered from pesticide stress that was higher than that found in Europe and America. This study deciphered problems of pesticide residues in fresh honey bee pollen samples collected from 14 monitoring apiaries in Taiwan, which reflected significant contaminations within the honey bee population. In total, 155 pollen samples were screened for 232 pesticides, and 56 pesticides were detected. Among the residues, fluvalinate and chlorpyrifos showed the highest concentrations, followed by carbendazim, carbaryl, chlorfenapyr, imidacloprid, ethion, and flufenoxuron. The average frequency of pesticide residues detected in pollen samples was ca. 74.8%. The amounts and types of pesticides were higher in winter and in southwestern Taiwan. Moreover, five of these pollen samples were contaminated with 11-15 pesticides, with average levels between 1,560 and 6,390 μg/kg. Compared with the literature, this study emphasized that pollen gathered by honey bee was highly contaminated with more pesticides in Taiwan than in the America, France, and Spain. The ubiquity of pesticides in the pollen samples was likely due to the field applications of common pesticides. Recently, the Taiwanese government began to improve the pesticide policy. According to the resurvey data in 2016, there were reductions in several pesticide contamination parameters in pollen samples from west to southwest Taiwan. A long-term investigation of pollen pesticide residues should be conducted to inspect pesticides usage in Taiwan's agriculture.
大量农药残留是可持续农业面临的最严重问题之一。在养蜂环境中，农药不仅影响蜜蜂的生存，还会污染蜂产品。台湾的农业环境遭受的农药压力高于欧美地区。本研究解析了从台湾14个监测蜂场采集的新鲜蜜蜂花粉样本中的农药残留问题，这些问题反映出蜜蜂群体受到了严重污染。总共对155个花粉样本进行了232种农药的筛查，检测到了56种农药。在这些残留中，氟氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的浓度最高，其次是多菌灵、西维因、溴虫腈、吡虫啉、乙硫磷和氟虫脲。花粉样本中检测到农药残留的平均频率约为74.8%。冬季和台湾西南部的农药数量和种类较多。此外，其中5个花粉样本被11 - 15种农药污染，平均含量在1560至6390μg/kg之间。与文献相比，本研究强调台湾蜜蜂采集的花粉受农药污染程度高于美国、法国和西班牙。花粉样本中农药的普遍存在可能是由于常用农药的田间施用。最近，台湾政府开始改进农药政策。根据2016年的重新调查数据，台湾西部到西南部花粉样本中的几个农药污染参数有所下降。应开展对花粉农药残留的长期调查，以检查台湾农业中的农药使用情况。
