Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment LMSM EA 4312, University of Rouen, Normandy University, 27000 Evreux, France.
IUEM, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines EA 3884, Université de Bretagne-Sud (UEB), 56321 Lorient, France.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017 Sep 1;41(5):698-722. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux020.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and its ability to colonize a wide range of ecological niches, such as rhizosphere, water environments and animal hosts, including humans where it can cause severe infections. Another particularity of P. aeruginosa is its high intrinsic resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics, which is partly due to its low outer membrane permeability. In contrast to Enterobacteria, pseudomonads do not possess general diffusion porins in their outer membrane, but rather express specific channel proteins for the uptake of different nutrients. The major outer membrane 'porin', OprF, has been extensively investigated, and displays structural, adhesion and signaling functions while its role in the diffusion of nutrients is still under discussion. Other porins include OprB and OprB2 for the diffusion of glucose, the two small outer membrane proteins OprG and OprH, and the two porins involved in phosphate/pyrophosphate uptake, OprP and OprO. The remaining nineteen porins belong to the so-called OprD (Occ) family, which is further split into two subfamilies termed OccD (8 members) and OccK (11 members). In the past years, a large amount of information concerning the structure, function and regulation of these porins has been published, justifying why an updated review is timely.
铜绿假单胞菌是一种革兰氏阴性细菌，属于γ-变形菌。与假单胞菌属的其他成员一样，它以代谢多样性和能够定殖广泛的生态位而闻名，例如根际、水环境和动物宿主，包括人类，在人类中它可引起严重感染。铜绿假单胞菌的另一个特点是其对防腐剂和抗生素具有很高的固有耐药性，这部分是由于其外膜通透性低。与肠杆菌不同，假单胞菌在外膜中没有普遍的扩散孔蛋白，而是表达特定的通道蛋白来摄取不同的营养物质。主要的外膜“孔蛋白”OprF 已经得到了广泛的研究，它具有结构、粘附和信号功能，而其在营养物质扩散中的作用仍在讨论中。其他孔蛋白包括 OprB 和 OprB2 用于葡萄糖的扩散，两个小的外膜蛋白 OprG 和 OprH，以及两个参与磷酸盐/焦磷酸盐摄取的孔蛋白 OprP 和 OprO。其余十九个孔蛋白属于所谓的 OprD（Occ）家族，该家族进一步分为两个亚家族，称为 OccD（8 个成员）和 OccK（11 个成员）。在过去的几年中，已经发表了大量关于这些孔蛋白的结构、功能和调节的信息，因此及时进行更新的综述是合理的。
