Akhtar Aslam Abbasi, Sances Samuel, Barrett Robert, Breunig Joshua J
Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2017 Jun;3(2):98-111. doi: 10.1007/s40778-017-0080-x. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
The modeling of biological processes provides an important tool to better understand mechanisms of development and disease, allowing for the rapid testing of therapeutics. However, a critical constraint in traditional monolayer culture systems is the absence of the multicellularity, spatial organization, and overall microenvironment present . This limitation has resulted in numerous therapeutics showing efficacy , but failing in patient trials. In this review, we discuss several organoid and "organ-on-a-chip" systems with particular regard to the modeling of neurological diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.
Recently, the generation of multicellular organ-like structures, coined organoids, has allowed the modeling of human development, tissue architecture, and disease with human-specific pathophysiology. Additionally, microfluidic "organ-on-a-chip" technologies add another level of physiological mimicry by allowing biological mediums to be shuttled through 3D cultures.
Organoids and organ-chips are rapidly evolving platforms which hold great promise for the modeling of development and disease.
生物过程建模为更好地理解发育和疾病机制提供了重要工具，有助于快速测试治疗方法。然而，传统单层培养系统的一个关键限制是缺乏多细胞性、空间组织和整体微环境。这一局限性导致许多治疗方法在体外试验中显示出疗效，但在患者试验中失败。在本综述中，我们讨论了几种类器官和“芯片器官”系统，特别关注神经疾病和胃肠道疾病的建模。
最近，多细胞类器官结构的产生，即类器官，使得对具有人类特异性病理生理学的人类发育、组织结构和疾病进行建模成为可能。此外，微流控“芯片器官”技术通过使生物介质在三维培养物中穿梭，增加了另一层次的生理模拟。
类器官和芯片器官是快速发展的平台，在发育和疾病建模方面具有巨大潜力。
