类器官和器官芯片系统：用于模拟神经和胃肠道疾病的新范式。
Organoid and Organ-On-A-Chip Systems: New Paradigms for Modeling Neurological and Gastrointestinal Disease.
作者信息
Akhtar Aslam Abbasi, Sances Samuel, Barrett Robert, Breunig Joshua J
机构信息
Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.
出版信息
Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2017 Jun;3(2):98-111. doi: 10.1007/s40778-017-0080-x. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The modeling of biological processes provides an important tool to better understand mechanisms of development and disease, allowing for the rapid testing of therapeutics. However, a critical constraint in traditional monolayer culture systems is the absence of the multicellularity, spatial organization, and overall microenvironment present . This limitation has resulted in numerous therapeutics showing efficacy , but failing in patient trials. In this review, we discuss several organoid and "organ-on-a-chip" systems with particular regard to the modeling of neurological diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recently, the generation of multicellular organ-like structures, coined organoids, has allowed the modeling of human development, tissue architecture, and disease with human-specific pathophysiology. Additionally, microfluidic "organ-on-a-chip" technologies add another level of physiological mimicry by allowing biological mediums to be shuttled through 3D cultures.
SUMMARY
Organoids and organ-chips are rapidly evolving platforms which hold great promise for the modeling of development and disease.
综述目的
生物过程建模为更好地理解发育和疾病机制提供了重要工具，有助于快速测试治疗方法。然而，传统单层培养系统的一个关键限制是缺乏多细胞性、空间组织和整体微环境。这一局限性导致许多治疗方法在体外试验中显示出疗效，但在患者试验中失败。在本综述中，我们讨论了几种类器官和“芯片器官”系统，特别关注神经疾病和胃肠道疾病的建模。
最新发现
最近，多细胞类器官结构的产生，即类器官，使得对具有人类特异性病理生理学的人类发育、组织结构和疾病进行建模成为可能。此外，微流控“芯片器官”技术通过使生物介质在三维培养物中穿梭，增加了另一层次的生理模拟。
总结
类器官和芯片器官是快速发展的平台，在发育和疾病建模方面具有巨大潜力。
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