ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France.
IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 May;65 Suppl 1:149-165. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12698. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
This study assessed knowledge gaps and suggested research priorities in the field of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus infecting the mammary gland remains a major problem to the dairy industry worldwide because of its pathogenicity, contagiousness, persistence in the cow environment, colonization of skin or mucosal epithelia, and the poor curing efficacy of treatments. Staphylococcus aureus also constitutes a threat to public health due to food safety and antibiotic usage issues and the potential for bidirectional transmission of strains between humans and dairy animals (cows and small ruminants). Gaps have been identified in (i) understanding the molecular basis for pathogenesis of S. aureus mastitis, (ii) identifying staphylococcal antigens inducing protection and (iii) determining the cell-mediated immune responses to infection and vaccination. The recommended priorities for research are (i) improved diagnostic methods for early detection of infection and intervention through treatment or management, (ii) development of experimental models to investigate the strategies used by S. aureus to survive within the mammary gland and resist treatment with anti-microbials, (iii) investigation of the basis for cow-to-cow variation in response to S. aureus mastitis, (iv) identification of the immune responses (adaptive and innate) induced by infection or vaccination and (v) antibacterial discovery programmes to develop new, more effective, narrow spectrum antibacterial agents for the treatment of S. aureus mastitis. With the availability and ongoing improvement of molecular research tools, these objectives may not be out of reach in the future.
本研究评估了金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎领域的知识空白，并提出了研究重点。金黄色葡萄球菌感染乳腺仍然是全球奶牛养殖业的一个主要问题，因为它具有致病性、传染性、在牛环境中的持久性、皮肤或粘膜上皮的定植能力以及治疗效果不佳。由于食品安全和抗生素使用问题以及人类和奶牛动物（奶牛和小反刍动物）之间菌株双向传播的可能性，金黄色葡萄球菌也对公共卫生构成威胁。在以下方面存在知识空白：（i）了解金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎发病机制的分子基础，（ii）鉴定诱导保护的葡萄球菌抗原，以及（iii）确定针对感染和疫苗接种的细胞免疫反应。建议的研究重点是：（i）改进早期检测感染的诊断方法，并通过治疗或管理进行干预，（ii）开发实验模型，以研究金黄色葡萄球菌在乳腺内生存和抵抗抗生素治疗的策略，（iii）调查奶牛对金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎反应的个体差异的基础，（iv）鉴定感染或接种疫苗引起的免疫反应（适应性和固有免疫），以及（v）抗菌药物发现计划，以开发新的、更有效、窄谱的抗菌药物，用于治疗金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎。随着分子研究工具的可用性和不断改进，这些目标在未来可能并非遥不可及。
