Sillanpää Mika, Ncibi Mohamed Chaker, Matilainen Anu, Vepsäläinen Mikko
Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami FL, 33174, USA.
Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:54-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.113. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex matrix of organic substances produced in (or channeled to) aquatic ecosystems via various biological, geological and hydrological cycles. Such variability is posing a serious challenge to most water treatment technologies, especially the ones designed to treat drinking water supplies. Lately, in addition to the fluctuating composition of NOM, a substantial increase of its concentration in fresh waters, and also municipal wastewater effluents, has been reported worldwide, which justifies the urgent need to develop highly efficient and versatile water treatment processes. Coagulation is among the most applied processes for water and wastewater treatment. The application of coagulation to remove NOM from drinking water supplies has received a great deal of attention from researchers around the world because it was efficient and helped avoiding the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). Nonetheless, with the increased fluctuation of NOM in water (concentration and composition), the efficiency of conventional coagulation was substantially reduced, hence the need to develop enhanced coagulation processes by optimizing the operating conditions (mainly the amount coagulants and pH), developing more efficient inorganic or organic coagulants, as well as coupling coagulation with other water treatment technologies. In the present review, recent research studies dealing with the application of coagulation for NOM removal from drinking water supplies are presented and compared. In addition, integration schemes combining coagulation and other water treatment processes are presented, including membrane filtration, oxidation, adsorption and others processes.
天然有机物（NOM）是通过各种生物、地质和水文循环在水生生态系统中产生（或引入）的有机物质的复杂基质。这种变异性对大多数水处理技术构成了严峻挑战，尤其是那些用于处理饮用水供应的技术。最近，除了NOM组成的波动外，全球范围内还报告了其在淡水以及城市污水中的浓度大幅增加，这证明了迫切需要开发高效且通用的水处理工艺。混凝是水和废水处理中应用最广泛的工艺之一。混凝在去除饮用水供应中的NOM方面的应用受到了世界各地研究人员的广泛关注，因为它效率高且有助于避免消毒副产物（DBPs）的形成。然而，随着水中NOM（浓度和组成）波动的增加，传统混凝的效率大幅降低，因此需要通过优化操作条件（主要是混凝剂用量和pH值）、开发更高效的无机或有机混凝剂以及将混凝与其他水处理技术相结合来开发强化混凝工艺。在本综述中，介绍并比较了近期关于混凝在去除饮用水供应中的NOM方面的研究。此外，还介绍了混凝与其他水处理工艺相结合的集成方案，包括膜过滤、氧化、吸附等工艺。
