Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 Sep 15;159(2):189-97. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.007. Epub 2010 Jun 28.
Natural organic matter (NOM) is found in all surface, ground and soil waters. An increase in the amount of NOM has been observed over the past 10-20 years in raw water supplies in several areas, which has a significant effect on drinking water treatment. The presence of NOM causes many problems in drinking water and drinking water treatment processes, including (i) negative effect on water quality by causing colour, taste and odor problems, (ii) increased coagulant and disinfectant doses (which in turn results in increased sludge volumes and production of harmful disinfection by-products), (iii) promoted biological growth in distribution system, and (iv) increased levels of complexed heavy metals and adsorbed organic pollutants. NOM can be removed from drinking water by several treatment options, of which the most common and economically feasible processes are considered to be coagulation and flocculation followed by sedimentation/flotation and sand filtration. Most of the NOM can be removed by coagulation, although, the hydrophobic fraction and high molar mass compounds of NOM are removed more efficiently than hydrophilic fraction and the low molar mass compounds. Thus, enhanced and/or optimized coagulation, as well as new process alternatives for the better removal of NOM by coagulation process has been suggested. In the present work, an overview of the recent research dealing with coagulation and flocculation in the removal of NOM from drinking water is presented.
天然有机物（NOM）存在于所有地表水、地下水和土壤水中。在过去的 10-20 年中，在几个地区的原水中观察到 NOM 含量增加，这对饮用水处理有重大影响。NOM 的存在导致饮用水和饮用水处理过程中出现许多问题，包括 (i) 由于产生颜色、味道和气味问题而对水质产生负面影响，(ii) 增加混凝剂和消毒剂的用量（这反过来又导致污泥量增加和产生有害的消毒副产物），(iii) 促进分配系统中的生物生长，以及 (iv) 络合重金属和吸附有机污染物的水平增加。可以通过几种处理方法去除饮用水中的 NOM，其中最常见和经济可行的方法被认为是混凝和絮凝，然后是沉淀/浮选和砂滤。尽管 NOM 的疏水性部分和高分子质量化合物比亲水性部分和低分子质量化合物更有效地去除，但大部分 NOM 可以通过混凝去除。因此，建议增强和/或优化混凝，以及开发新的工艺替代方案，以通过混凝过程更好地去除 NOM。在本工作中，对最近涉及饮用水中 NOM 去除的混凝和絮凝的研究进行了综述。
