Siamupa C, Saasa N, Phiri A M
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Jan;50(1):177-185. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1419-0. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
African swine fever (ASF) is a worldwide disease of pigs endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries. Zambia has been experiencing outbreaks of ASF for many years because the disease is endemic in the eastern part of the country, with incursion into the central part of Lusaka Province. The latest outbreaks of ASF in Lusaka occurred in 2013 with substantial pig mortalities, loss in trade, and cost of control measures and compensation of affected farmers. The aims of the study were to identify market value chain-related factors that were associated with ASF outbreaks and assess why these outbreaks are becoming frequent despite control measures being put in place. Using a mixed-method design, participants involved in the value chain were purposively sampled. Some pig farmers were included using a respondent-driven technique. Farmers came from Lusaka, Chilanga, Kafue, and Chongwe districts. Other participants included district veterinary officers, veterinary assistants, police officers, and veterinary staff manning veterinary checkpoints, abattoir and processing plant managers, meat inspectors, market chairpersons, and traders. Semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and direct observations were used to collect data to come up with narrations, tables, and flow charts. In assessing the contribution of the value chain in ASF, aspects of ASF screening, market availability and procedures, knowledge on ASF transmission, occurrence of ASF outbreak, and regulation of pig movement were investigated. Despite government ASF control measures being applied, the following were noted: (1) low awareness levels of ASF transmission among pig farmers and traders; (2) only 50% of farmers had their animals screened for ASF before sale; (3) all the markets did not have the pork inspected; (4) laxity in enforcing livestock movement control because of inadequate police and veterinary staff manning checkpoints; (5) lack of enforcement of meat inspection and food safety regulations at pig markets; and (6) inadequate and bureaucratic ASF screening. Improving biosecurity; sensitizing farmers, traders, and all stakeholders in the pig value chain on ASF prevention and control; reinforcement of staff at checkpoints; and regulation of pig markets are some of the ways in which future outbreaks can be prevented.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种在大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家流行的全球性猪病。赞比亚多年来一直遭受非洲猪瘟疫情，因为该病在该国东部地区流行，并已蔓延至卢萨卡省中部。卢萨卡最近一次非洲猪瘟疫情发生在2013年，造成大量猪死亡、贸易损失以及控制措施和受影响农民补偿的成本。本研究的目的是确定与非洲猪瘟疫情相关的市场价值链因素，并评估尽管已采取控制措施，但疫情为何仍频繁发生。采用混合方法设计，对参与价值链的人员进行了有目的的抽样。一些养猪户采用应答者驱动技术纳入。农民来自卢萨卡、奇兰加、卡富埃和琼圭地区。其他参与者包括地区兽医官员、兽医助理、警察以及在兽医检查站、屠宰场和加工厂工作的兽医工作人员、肉类检查员、市场主席和贸易商。使用半结构化问卷、深入访谈和直接观察来收集数据，以形成叙述、表格和流程图。在评估价值链在非洲猪瘟中的作用时，调查了非洲猪瘟筛查、市场供应和程序、非洲猪瘟传播知识、非洲猪瘟疫情发生情况以及猪只移动监管等方面。尽管政府采取了非洲猪瘟控制措施，但仍发现以下情况：（1）养猪户和贸易商对非洲猪瘟传播的认识水平较低；（2）只有50%的农民在出售动物前对其进行了非洲猪瘟筛查；（3）所有市场都没有对猪肉进行检查；（4）由于检查站警力和兽医工作人员不足，在执行牲畜移动控制方面存在松懈；（5）在猪市场缺乏对肉类检查和食品安全法规的执行；（6）非洲猪瘟筛查不足且繁琐。改善生物安全；提高养猪户、贸易商和猪价值链中所有利益相关者对非洲猪瘟预防和控制的认识；加强检查站工作人员力量；以及规范猪市场，是预防未来疫情爆发的一些方法。
