Penrith Mary-Louise, van Heerden Juanita, Pfeiffer Dirk U, Oļševskis Edvīns, Depner Klaus, Chenais Erika
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
Transboundary Animal Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
Pathogens. 2023 Feb 20;12(2):355. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12020355.
African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs has, since its discovery in Africa more than a century ago, been associated with subsistence pig keeping with low levels of biosecurity. Likewise, smallholder and backyard pig farming in resource-limited settings have been notably affected during the ongoing epidemic in Eastern Europe, Asia, the Pacific, and Caribbean regions. Many challenges to managing ASF in such settings have been identified in the ongoing as well as previous epidemics. Consistent implementation of biosecurity at all nodes in the value chain remains most important for controlling and preventing ASF. Recent research from Asia, Africa, and Europe has provided science-based information that can be of value in overcoming some of the hurdles faced for implementing biosecurity in resource-limited contexts. In this narrative review we examine a selection of these studies elucidating innovative solutions such as shorter boiling times for inactivating ASF virus in swill, participatory planning of interventions for risk mitigation for ASF, better understanding of smallholder pig-keeper perceptions and constraints, modified culling, and safe alternatives for disposal of carcasses of pigs that have died of ASF. The aim of the review is to increase acceptance and implementation of science-based approaches that increase the feasibility of managing, and the possibility to prevent, ASF in resource-limited settings. This could contribute to protecting hundreds of thousands of livelihoods that depend upon pigs and enable small-scale pig production to reach its full potential for poverty alleviation and food security.
自一个多世纪前在非洲发现以来，家猪感染非洲猪瘟（ASF）一直与生物安全水平低下的自给性养猪有关。同样，在东欧、亚洲、太平洋和加勒比地区当前的疫情中，资源有限地区的小农户和后院养猪业受到了显著影响。在当前及以往的疫情中，已发现了在这些情况下管理非洲猪瘟的诸多挑战。在价值链的所有环节持续实施生物安全措施对于控制和预防非洲猪瘟仍然最为重要。亚洲、非洲和欧洲最近的研究提供了基于科学的信息，这些信息对于克服在资源有限的情况下实施生物安全所面临的一些障碍可能具有价值。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们审视了其中一些研究，阐明了创新解决方案，例如缩短泔水中非洲猪瘟病毒的灭活煮沸时间、针对非洲猪瘟风险缓解措施的参与式干预规划、更好地理解小农户养猪户的认知和制约因素、改进扑杀方法以及安全处置死于非洲猪瘟的猪尸体的替代方法。该综述的目的是提高基于科学的方法的接受度和实施程度，这些方法可提高在资源有限的情况下管理非洲猪瘟的可行性以及预防非洲猪瘟的可能性。这有助于保护数十万依赖养猪为生的生计，并使小规模养猪生产充分发挥其在减贫和粮食安全方面的潜力。
