Ulatowska Joanna, Sawicka Maryla
Instytut Psychologii Stosowanej, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej.
Psychiatr Pol. 2017 Aug 29;51(4):609-618. doi: 10.12740/PP/62770.
The problem of recovered memories concerns not only psychiatry, psychology or psychotherapy but it is also an important legal and judicial issue. Clinicians, scientists and lawyers are in unsolved dispute, called "memory wars", concerning the credibility of these memories, especially if they were recovered following specific therapeutic techniques or using self-help books. Many cases of recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse brought legal action against alleged offender. Investigations showed, however, that some of these memories were false. The aim of this article is to try to answer key questions concerning the issue if recovered memories: Is it possible not to remember traumatic experiences? In what conditions the autobiographical memories can be implanted? Is it possible to make a list of therapeutic techniques evoking false memories? What are the characteristics of a patient particularly vulnerable for false memories creation? Answers to the above questions are a ground for considerations concerning creation of favorable conditions for therapeutic work and minimizing mistakes resulting from the risk of implanting false memories.
恢复性记忆问题不仅涉及精神病学、心理学或心理治疗，它也是一个重要的法律和司法问题。临床医生、科学家和律师在这些记忆的可信度方面存在尚未解决的争议，即所谓的“记忆之战”，尤其是当这些记忆是通过特定治疗技术或使用自助书籍恢复时。许多童年性虐待恢复性记忆的案例对被指控的犯罪者提起了法律诉讼。然而，调查显示，其中一些记忆是虚假的。本文旨在尝试回答有关恢复性记忆问题的关键问题：有可能不记得创伤经历吗？自传体记忆在什么情况下会被植入？是否有可能列出引发虚假记忆的治疗技术清单？特别容易产生虚假记忆的患者有哪些特征？上述问题的答案为思考如何创造有利于治疗工作的条件以及尽量减少因植入虚假记忆风险而导致的错误奠定了基础。
