Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;190:174-183. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.011. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
Ametryn is a representative of a class of s-triazine herbicides absorbed by plant roots and leaves and characterized as a photosynthesis inhibitor. It is still in use in some countries in the farming of pineapples, soybean, corn, cotton, sugar cane or bananas; however, due to the adverse effects of s-triazine herbicides on living organisms use of these pesticides in the European Union has been banned. In the current study, we characterized the biodegradation of ametryn (100 mg L) by entomopathogenic fungal cosmopolite Metarhizium brunneum. Ametryn significantly inhibited the growth and glucose uptake in fungal cultures. The concentration of the xenobiotic drops to 87.75 mg L at the end of culturing and the biodegradation process leads to formation of four metabolites: 2-hydroxy atrazine, ethyl hydroxylated ametryn, S-demethylated ametryn and deethylametryn. Inhibited growth is reflected in the metabolomics data, where significant differences in concentrations of L-proline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamine, 4-hydroxyproline, L-glutamic acid, ornithine and L-arginine were observed in the presence of the xenobiotic when compared to control cultures. The metabolomics data demonstrated that the presence of ametryn in the fungal culture induced oxidative stress and serious disruptions of the carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Our results provide deeper insights into the microorganism strategy for xenobiotic biodegradation which may result in future enhancements to ametryn removal by the tested strain.
氨噻肟是一种三嗪类除草剂的代表，通过植物的根和叶吸收，其特征是光合作用抑制剂。在一些国家，它仍被用于菠萝、大豆、玉米、棉花、甘蔗或香蕉的种植；然而，由于三嗪类除草剂对生物的不良影响，这些农药在欧盟已被禁用。在目前的研究中，我们描述了昆虫病原真菌共生绿僵菌对氨噻肟（100mg/L）的生物降解。氨噻肟显著抑制真菌培养物的生长和葡萄糖摄取。在培养结束时，该外来化合物的浓度降至 87.75mg/L，生物降解过程导致形成四种代谢物：2-羟基莠去津、乙基羟化氨噻肟、S-脱甲基氨噻肟和去乙基氨噻肟。生长受到抑制反映在代谢组学数据中，与对照培养物相比，在存在外来化合物的情况下，L-脯氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-谷氨酰胺、4-羟基脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸、鸟氨酸和 L-精氨酸的浓度存在显著差异。代谢组学数据表明，氨噻肟在真菌培养物中的存在诱导了氧化应激和碳氮代谢的严重紊乱。我们的结果更深入地了解了微生物对外来化合物生物降解的策略，这可能导致未来对测试菌株去除氨噻肟的增强。
