Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jan;232:563-570. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.088. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Vinclozolin (Vz) is a pollutant found in aquatic environments whose antiandrogenic effects in reproduction are well known in mammals. Although its reproductive effects have been less studied in invertebrates, other effects, including genotoxicity, have been described. Therefore, in this work, we studied the genotoxic effects of Vz in the freshwater benthic invertebrate Chironomus riparius. DNA damage was evaluated with the comet assay (tail area, olive moment, tail moment and % DNA in tail), and the transcriptional levels of different genes involved in DNA repair (ATM, NLK and XRCC1) and apoptosis (DECAY) were measured by RT-PCR. Fourth instar larvae of C. riparius, were exposed to Vz for 24 h at 20 and 200 μg/L. The Vz exposures affected the DNA integrity in this organism, since a dose-response relationship occurred, with DNA strand breaks significantly increased with increased dose for tail area, olive moment and tail moment parameters. Additionally, the lower concentration of Vz produced a significant induction of the transcripts of three genes under study (ATM, NLK and XRCC1) showing the activation of the cellular repair mechanism. In contrast, the expression of these genes with the highest concentration were downregulated, indicating failure of the cellular repair mechanism, which would explain the higher DNA damage. These data report for the first time the alterations of Vz on gene transcription of an insect and confirm the potential genotoxicity of this compound on freshwater invertebrates.
梧宁酸（Vz）是一种存在于水生环境中的污染物，其在哺乳动物生殖方面的抗雄激素作用已得到充分证实。尽管其在无脊椎动物中的生殖影响研究较少，但其他影响，包括遗传毒性，已被描述。因此，在这项工作中，我们研究了梧宁酸对淡水底栖无脊椎动物摇蚊的遗传毒性作用。使用彗星试验（尾部面积、橄榄矩、尾部矩和尾部的 DNA 百分比）评估 DNA 损伤，并用 RT-PCR 测量不同 DNA 修复（ATM、NLK 和 XRCC1）和细胞凋亡（DECAY）相关基因的转录水平。用 20 和 200μg/L 的梧宁酸处理摇蚊的四龄幼虫 24 小时。梧宁酸暴露会影响该生物的 DNA 完整性，因为剂量反应关系发生，尾部面积、橄榄矩和尾部矩参数的 DNA 链断裂随着剂量的增加而显著增加。此外，较低浓度的梧宁酸会显著诱导研究中三个基因（ATM、NLK 和 XRCC1）的转录本，表明细胞修复机制被激活。相比之下，在最高浓度下，这些基因的表达被下调，这表明细胞修复机制失效，这将解释更高的 DNA 损伤。这些数据首次报告了昆虫中梧宁酸对基因转录的改变，并证实了该化合物对淡水无脊椎动物的潜在遗传毒性。
