Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
J Dairy Sci. 2017 Dec;100(12):9736-9745. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13116. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
Assessment of antimicrobial use (AMU) is vital for interpreting the origin of changes in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of the present study were to estimate the association between AMU determined using on-farm treatment records (TR) and inventory of empty drug containers (INV). Herds were selected to represent Canadian dairy farms. Producers were asked to record animal health events and treatments on a standard General Health Event form. For inventory data, 40-L receptacles were placed at various locations considered convenient to deposit all empty drug containers. Antimicrobial defined-daily dosages (ADD) were calculated for 51 Canadian herds using the 2 methods. Estimation of AMU was 31,840 ADD using the INV and 14,487 ADD using the TR, indicating that for every TR entry, 2.20 times more treatments were observed using the INV. Mastitis, reproductive conditions, and dry cow therapy were the most frequent reasons for antimicrobial therapy when assessing TR. For all antimicrobials evaluated, mean ADD was higher using the INV versus TR. Regardless, a strong positive correlation (0.80) was observed between the 2 methods, indicating that herds with increased number of ADD recorded using the INV also had increased number of ADD recorded using TR. Furthermore, a positive association was observed for the 6 most commonly used antimicrobials. In comparison to methods used in surveillance programs on AMU in livestock that assume a constant use in all herds (i.e., sales data), INV provided a herd-level specific quantity of AMU positively correlated with AMU recorded at the animal level in general. The INV was easy to implement and provided a measure of total AMU in the herd. Availability of such information would be valuable for interpreting changes in AMR at the herd level and enabling evaluation of interventions for decreasing AMR.
评估抗菌药物使用（AMU）对于解释抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）变化的来源至关重要。本研究的目的是估计使用农场治疗记录（TR）和空药容器库存（INV）确定的 AMU 之间的关联。选择了这些畜群来代表加拿大的奶牛场。生产者被要求在标准的一般健康事件表上记录动物健康事件和治疗情况。对于库存数据，在认为方便存放所有空药容器的各个位置放置了 40 升的容器。使用这两种方法计算了 51 个加拿大畜群的抗菌药物定义日剂量（ADD）。使用 INV 估计 AMU 为 31840 ADD，使用 TR 估计 AMU 为 14487 ADD，这表明对于每个 TR 条目，使用 INV 观察到的治疗次数多 2.20 倍。评估 TR 时，乳腺炎、生殖状况和干奶牛治疗是抗菌药物治疗最常见的原因。对于所有评估的抗菌药物，使用 INV 比 TR 的平均 ADD 更高。尽管如此，这两种方法之间观察到很强的正相关（0.80），这表明使用 INV 记录的 ADD 数量增加的畜群也使用 TR 记录的 ADD 数量增加。此外，还观察到 6 种最常用的抗菌药物之间存在正相关。与在牲畜中使用的 AMU 监测计划中使用的方法相比，该方法假设所有畜群都在持续使用（即销售数据），INV 提供了与一般在动物水平上记录的 AMU 呈正相关的畜群特定的 AMU 数量。INV 易于实施，并提供了畜群中总 AMU 的度量。获得此类信息将有助于解释畜群水平上的 AMR 变化，并评估减少 AMR 的干预措施。
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