Hutu Ioan, Lungu Bianca Cornelia, Spataru Ioana Irina, Torda Iuliu, Iancu Tiberiu, Barrow Paul Andrew, Mircu Calin
"Horia Cernescu" Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "Regele Mihai I", Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Faculty of Agricultural Management, University of Life Sciences "Regele Mihai I", Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Aug 4;14(15):2266. doi: 10.3390/ani14152266.
Antimicrobial therapy is the most frequently used medical intervention for bovine mastitis in the dairy industry. This study aims to monitor the extent of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem in in the dairy industry in Western Romania. Twenty farms were selected by random sampling in a transverse epidemiological study conducted across four counties in Western Romania and divided into livestock units. This study assessed the association between the resistance genes to phenotypic expression of resistance and susceptibility. Isolates of were identified and q-PCR reactions were used to detect antibiotic resistance genes. One hundred and fifty bovine and 20 human samples were positive for . Twenty five percent of bovine isolates (30/120) and none(0/30) of the human isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). All isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, and resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. isolates regarded as phenotypically resistant (R) were influenced by the origin of the samples (human versus bovine, χ2 = 36.510, = 0.013), whether they were methicillin-resistant (χ2 = 108.891, < 0.000), the county (χ2 = 103.282, < 0.000) and farm of isolation (χ2 = 740.841, < 0.000), but not by the size of the farm (χ2 = 65.036, = 0.306). The multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated for each sample as the number regarded as phenotypically resistant (R)/total antibiotics tested (MARI = 0.590 ± 0.023) was significantly higher ( < 0.000) inmethicillin-resistant (0.898 ± 0.019) than non-methicillin-resistant (0.524 ± 0.024) isolates. For the antibiotics tested, the total penetrance (P%) of the resistance genes was 59%, 83% for , 56% for , 50% for , 53% for , 57% for and 32% for . Penetrance can be used as a parameter for guidance towards a more accurate targeting of chemotherapy. P% in was strongly positively correlated with the multiple antibiotic resistance index (r = +0.878, < 0.000) with the potential to use the same limit value as an antibiotic management decision criterion. Considering cow mastitis, the penetrance value combined with the multiple antibiotic resistance index suggests that penetrance could serve as a useful parameter for more precise targeting of chemotherapy for .
抗菌治疗是乳制品行业中治疗牛乳腺炎最常用的医疗干预措施。本研究旨在监测罗马尼亚西部乳制品行业中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）问题的严重程度。在罗马尼亚西部四个县进行的一项横向流行病学研究中，通过随机抽样选取了20个农场，并将其划分为畜牧单位。本研究评估了耐药基因与耐药性和敏感性表型表达之间的关联。对分离株进行了鉴定，并使用q-PCR反应检测抗生素耐药基因。150份牛样本和20份人类样本对[具体病原体]呈阳性。25%的牛分离株（30/120）对甲氧西林耐药（MRSA），而人类分离株无一例（0/30）对甲氧西林耐药。所有分离株对磷霉素、环丙沙星、奈替米星敏感，对氨苄西林和青霉素耐药。被视为表型耐药（R）的[具体病原体]分离株受样本来源（人类与牛，χ2 = 36.510，P = 0.013）、是否对甲氧西林耐药（χ2 = 108.891，P < 0.000）、所在县（χ2 = 103.282，P < 0.000）和分离农场（χ2 = 740.841，P < 0.000）的影响，但不受农场规模（χ2 = 65.036，P = 0.306）的影响。计算每个样本的多重抗生素耐药指数，即被视为表型耐药（R）的数量/测试的总抗生素数量（MARI = 0.590 ± 0.023）。对甲氧西林耐药的分离株（0.898 ± 0.019）的多重抗生素耐药指数显著高于对甲氧西林不耐药的分离株（0.524 ± 0.024）（P < 0.000）。对于所测试的抗生素，耐药基因的总穿透率（P%）分别为：[具体抗生素1]为59%，[具体抗生素2]为83%，[具体抗生素3]为56%，[具体抗生素4]为50%，[具体抗生素5]为53%，[具体抗生素6]为57%，[具体抗生素7]为32%。穿透率可作为一个参数，用于指导更精确的化疗靶向治疗。[具体病原体]的P%与多重抗生素耐药指数呈强正相关（r = +0.878，P < 0.000），有可能将相同的限值用作抗生素管理决策标准。考虑到奶牛乳腺炎，穿透率值与多重抗生素耐药指数相结合表明，穿透率可作为更精确地靶向治疗[具体病原体]化疗的有用参数。
