Irwin Carole, Bliss Julie, Poole Karen
University of the West of England, United Kingdom.
King's College London, United Kingdom.
Nurse Educ Today. 2018 Jan;60:35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.09.011. Epub 2017 Sep 28.
A systematic literature review to assess whether preceptorship improves confidence and competence in Newly Qualified Nurses.
Preceptorship was introduced into nursing in the United Kingdom in 1991 with the original aim to improve competence and confidence. This systematic review was undertaken to review the evidence of the impact of preceptorship on confidence and competence of nurses in their first year post qualifying.
A comprehensive search of The British Nursing Index, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, PyscArticles, Campbell Collaboration; Cochrane, HMIC, ERIC, ASSIA, Web of Science, Scopus, Scopus Conference, Web of Science Conferences; NHS Evidence, OpenGrey, National Technical, NINR, Opendoar, SSRN, Kings College London and the RCN was conducted.
A PRISMA structured systematic review was carried out, 14 papers 4 mixed methods, 8 qualitative, 1 scoping review and 1 service development, published between 1996 and 2013 were critically reviewed, and data extracted using thematic analysis.
Four themes were identified from a thematic analysis: measurement, knowledge and experience, support, and structure.
While one-to-one preceptorship does influence confidence and competence, Preceptorship Programmes has greater impact than the individual preceptor. Due to limited empirical research there is no concrete evidence that Preceptorship has a direct impact on confidence or competence. Further research into team preceptorship/choice of preceptors and what impacts on Newly Qualified Nurses confidence and competence is required.
进行一项系统的文献综述，以评估带教制是否能提高新入职护士的信心和能力。
1991年带教制被引入英国护理领域，最初目的是提高能力和信心。进行这项系统综述是为了回顾带教制对护士入职后第一年的信心和能力影响的证据。
全面检索了《英国护理索引》、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（Embase）、医学索引数据库（Medline）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycInfo）、心理学全文数据库（PyscArticles）、坎贝尔协作组织；考科蓝图书馆、英国健康与医学图书馆数据库（HMIC）、教育资源信息中心（ERIC）、应用社会科学索引与摘要数据库（ASSIA）、科学引文索引数据库（Web of Science）、Scopus数据库、Scopus会议数据库、Web of Science会议数据库；英国国家医疗服务体系证据库、OpenGrey、国家技术报告、美国国立护理研究院（NINR）、开放获取知识库（Opendoar）、社会科学研究网（SSRN）、伦敦国王学院以及皇家护理学院。
开展了一项采用系统评价与荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）结构的系统综述，对1996年至2013年间发表的14篇论文（4篇混合方法研究、8篇定性研究、1篇范围界定综述和1篇服务发展研究）进行了批判性审查，并使用主题分析法提取数据。
通过主题分析确定了四个主题：测量、知识与经验、支持和结构。
虽然一对一的带教制确实会影响信心和能力，但带教计划的影响比单个带教老师更大。由于实证研究有限，没有确凿证据表明带教制对信心或能力有直接影响。需要进一步研究团队带教制/带教老师的选择以及对新入职护士信心和能力有何影响。
