Livingston Robin, Wu Chester, Mu Kathy, Coffey M Justin
J ECT. 2018 Mar;34(1):60-68. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000460.
The goal of this study was to systematically review current US state laws on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in order to provide a comprehensive resource to educate practitioners, potential patients, and lawmakers.
Individual state legislative Web sites were searched by 2 independent authors using the following search terms: "electroconvulsive therapy," "convulsive therapy," "electroconvulsant therapy," "electroshock therapy," and "shock therapy" from March 2017 to May 2017. All sections of state law pertaining to ECT were reviewed, and pertinent data regarding consent, age restrictions, treatment limitations, required reporting, defined qualified professionals, fees, and other information were extracted.
State regulation on ECT widely varied from none to stringent requirements. There were 6 states without any laws pertaining to ECT. California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas were noted to be the most regulatory on ECT.
There are no US national laws on ECT leaving individual state governments to regulate treatment. Whereas some states have detailed restrictions on use, other states have no regulation at all. This variation applies to multiple areas of ECT practice, including who can receive ECT, who can provide informed consent, who can prescribe or perform ECT, and what administrative requirements (eg, fees, reporting) must be met by ECT practitioners. Knowledge of these state laws will help providers not only to be aware of their own state's regulations, but also to have a general awareness of what other states mandate for better patient care and utilization of ECT.
本研究的目的是系统回顾美国当前关于电休克治疗（ECT）的州法律，以便为从业者、潜在患者和立法者提供全面的教育资源。
2017年3月至2017年5月，两名独立作者在各个州的立法网站上使用以下搜索词进行搜索：“电休克治疗”、“惊厥治疗”、“电惊厥治疗”、“电击治疗”和“休克治疗”。对各州法律中与ECT相关的所有部分进行了审查，并提取了有关同意书、年龄限制、治疗限制、所需报告、定义的合格专业人员、费用及其他信息的相关数据。
各州对ECT的监管差异很大，从无到有严格要求。有6个州没有任何与ECT相关的法律。加利福尼亚州、伊利诺伊州、马萨诸塞州、密苏里州、纽约州、南达科他州、田纳西州和得克萨斯州被认为是对ECT监管最严格的州。
美国没有关于ECT的国家法律，由各州政府自行监管治疗。一些州对ECT的使用有详细限制，而其他州则完全没有监管。这种差异适用于ECT实践的多个领域，包括谁可以接受ECT、谁可以提供知情同意、谁可以开处方或实施ECT，以及ECT从业者必须满足哪些行政要求（如费用、报告）。了解这些州法律不仅有助于提供者了解自己所在州的规定，还能让他们大致了解其他州对更好地提供患者护理和使用ECT的要求。
