Mauti Stephanie, Traoré Abdallah, Sery Amadou, Bryssinckx Ward, Hattendorf Jan, Zinsstag Jakob
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel,Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP 2295, Bamako, Mali.
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Oct 1;146:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
For the planning of an effective dog mass vaccination campaign against rabies in Africa, it is crucial to know more about the dog population. In this paper we describe for the first time the dog ecology, demographic structure and population dynamics of a domestic dog population in Bamako, Mali. In 2010 and 2011, we visited 2956 randomly selected compounds. Questionnaire data was collected on the compound and household level and on each dog individually. Dog-owning households were followed every six months during one (dog-owning households identified in 2011) or two years (dog-owning households identified in 2010) for the successive collection of dog demography data.
We recorded 379 dogs in 279 compounds. The dog human ratio was estimated at 1:121, and the extrapolation of the domestic dog population in Bamako results in an estimate of 14 906 dogs (95% CI 13 041-17 037). The female male ratio was 1:2.8. A high proportion of young dogs was found as a result of a high turnover rate in the population. Mortality within the first year of life was high, and dogs had a life expectancy at birth of 2.5 years. Using a Leslie matrix, we estimated the annual dog population growth to be 20%. Christians were more likely to be dog owners than Muslims. Another factor favouring dog ownership was belonging to the ethnic group of Bobo or Malinke. Dogs were mainly used as watchdogs and fed with household leftovers and garbage. They were most often obtained and given away without remuneration.
This work contributes vital information towards planning effective and sustainable dog rabies control programmes for the district of Bamako. Due to the high turnover rate, we recommend repeated mass-vaccination campaigns of at least 70% of the owned dogs at yearly intervals. In addition, dog-owners need to be educated on good dog management.
为在非洲规划一场有效的犬类狂犬病大规模疫苗接种运动，更多地了解犬类种群至关重要。在本文中，我们首次描述了马里巴马科家犬种群的犬类生态、人口结构和种群动态。2010年和2011年，我们走访了2956个随机选取的大院。在大院和家庭层面以及每只狗个体层面收集问卷数据。在一年（2011年确定的养狗家庭）或两年（2010年确定的养狗家庭）内，每六个月对养狗家庭进行随访，以便连续收集犬类人口统计学数据。
我们在279个大院中记录了379只狗。犬与人的比例估计为1:121，对巴马科家犬种群的推断结果是估计有14906只狗（95%置信区间13041 - 17037）。雌雄比例为1:2.8。由于种群更替率高，发现有很大比例的幼犬。出生后第一年的死亡率很高，狗出生时的预期寿命为2.5岁。使用莱斯利矩阵，我们估计犬类种群的年增长率为20%。基督教徒比穆斯林更有可能养狗。另一个有利于养狗的因素是属于博博族或马林凯族。狗主要用作看门狗，以家庭剩饭和垃圾为食。它们大多是无偿获得和赠送的。
这项工作为规划巴马科地区有效且可持续的犬类狂犬病控制项目提供了重要信息。由于更替率高，我们建议每年至少对70%的家养犬进行一次重复的大规模疫苗接种运动。此外，需要对狗主人进行良好的犬类管理教育。
