Center for Spatial Reasoning & Policy Analytics, College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave #600, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
School of Public Policy, University of California - Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2017 Dec 15;125(1-2):318-329. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.012. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Although anthropogenic oil spills vary in size, duration and severity, their broad impacts on complex social, economic and ecological systems can be significant. Questions pertaining to the operational challenges associated with the tactical allocation of human resources, cleanup equipment and supplies to areas impacted by a large spill are particularly salient when developing mitigation strategies for extreme oiling events. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of advanced oil spill modeling techniques in combination with a developed mathematical model to spatially optimize the allocation of response crews and equipment for cleaning up an offshore oil spill. The results suggest that the detailed simulations and optimization model are a good first step in allowing both communities and emergency responders to proactively plan for extreme oiling events and develop response strategies that minimize the impacts of spills.
尽管人为溢油的规模、持续时间和严重程度各不相同，但它们对复杂的社会、经济和生态系统的广泛影响可能是重大的。在制定针对极端溢油事件的缓解策略时，与向受大溢油影响的地区调配人力资源、清理设备和物资相关的操作挑战问题尤为突出。本文的目的是举例说明将先进的溢油模型技术与开发的数学模型相结合，在空间上优化应对人员和设备的调配，以清理海上溢油。结果表明，详细的模拟和优化模型是一个很好的起点，既可以让社区和应急响应人员主动为极端溢油事件做好计划，也可以制定将溢油影响降到最低的应对策略。
