Alessandri Jérôme, Cançado Carlos R X, Abreu-Rodrigues Josele
University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.
Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
Behav Processes. 2017 Dec;145:27-30. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
The effects of reinforcement value and social control on instruction following under a negative-reinforcement (escape) schedule were studied. Initially, responding produced timeouts from pressing a force cell under a low and a high force requirement on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. Next, participants were reexposed to the low and high force requirements, but were instructed that the experimenter expected them to decrease the number of timeouts relative to the previous exposures to the procedure. Even though following the instruction led to a decrease in number of timeouts and to an increase in effort (i.e., was non-efficient), instruction following occurred consistently for each participant and was modulated by reinforcement value. That is, the decrease in the number of timeouts (i.e., instruction following) was lower under the high force requirement than under the low force requirement. These results replicate and extend previous findings that instructions interact with social and nonsocial contingencies in controlling human behavior.
研究了强化值和社会控制对负强化（逃避）程序下遵循指令情况的影响。最初，在固定比率1强化程序下，根据低和高用力要求按压测力传感器时，反应会产生暂停时间。接下来，让参与者再次面对低和高用力要求，但告知他们实验者期望他们相对于之前接触该程序时减少暂停时间的次数。尽管遵循指令导致暂停时间次数减少且努力程度增加（即效率不高），但每个参与者都始终如一地遵循指令，且受到强化值的调节。也就是说，在高用力要求下，暂停时间次数的减少（即遵循指令）比在低用力要求下要少。这些结果重复并扩展了先前的研究发现，即指令在控制人类行为时与社会和非社会意外情况相互作用。
