INSERM, CIC1407, 69500, Bron, France.
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, UMR 5558, Equipe EME, 69100, Lyon, France.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Mar;27(3):377-384. doi: 10.1007/s00787-017-1058-z. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Clinical trials and inconclusive meta-analyses have investigated the effects of omega-3 supplements in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We performed a randomised placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids.
Children aged 6-15 years with established diagnosis of ADHD were randomised 1:1 to receive either supplements containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or a placebo for 3 months. Psychotropic or omega-3-containing treatments were not authorised during the study. The primary outcome was the change in the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale version 4 (ADHD-RS-IV). Other outcomes included safety, lexical level (Alouette test), attention (Test of Attentional Performance for Children-KiTAP), anxiety (48-item Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised-CPRS-R), and depression (Children's Depression Inventory-CDI).
Between 2009 and 2011, 162 children were included in five French child psychiatry centres. The mean age was 9.90 (SD 2.62) years and 78.4% were boys. The inclusion ADHD-RS-IV at was 37.31 (SD 8.40). The total ADHD-RS-IV score reduction was greater in the placebo group than in the DHA-EPA group: -19 (-26, -12) % and -9.7 (-16.6, -2.9) %, respectively, p = 0.039. The other components of the Conners score had a similar variation but the differences between groups were not significant. Two patients in the DHA-EPA group and none in the placebo group experienced a severe adverse event (hospitalisation for worsening ADHD symptoms).
This study did not show any beneficial effect of omega-3 supplement in children with mild ADHD symptoms.
临床试验和非结论性荟萃分析已经研究了ω-3 补充剂对注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的影响。我们进行了一项随机安慰剂对照试验，以评估ω-3 脂肪酸的疗效。
6-15 岁确诊为 ADHD 的儿童按 1:1 随机分为两组，分别接受含有二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的补充剂或安慰剂治疗 3 个月。研究期间不允许使用精神药物或含 ω-3 的治疗方法。主要结局是注意力缺陷多动障碍评定量表第 4 版（ADHD-RS-IV）的变化。其他结局包括安全性、词汇水平（Alouette 测试）、注意力（儿童注意力表现测试-KiTAP）、焦虑（48 项 Conners 父母评定量表修订版-CPRS-R）和抑郁（儿童抑郁量表-CDI）。
2009 年至 2011 年，162 名儿童在法国五家儿童精神病学中心入组。平均年龄为 9.90（SD 2.62）岁，78.4%为男孩。入组时 ADHD-RS-IV 平均为 37.31（SD 8.40）。安慰剂组 ADHD-RS-IV 总分下降大于 DHA-EPA 组：分别为-19（-26，-12）%和-9.7（-16.6，-2.9）%，p=0.039。Conners 评分的其他成分也有类似的变化，但组间差异无统计学意义。DHA-EPA 组有 2 例患者（2.9%）和安慰剂组无患者（0%）发生严重不良事件（因 ADHD 症状加重住院）。
本研究未显示 ω-3 补充剂对轻度 ADHD 症状儿童有任何有益作用。
