Xu Jiang, Dong Lin-Lin, Wang Rui, Niu Wei-Hao, Zhang Nai-Wu, Naoki Fujiwara, Shen Liang, Li Xi-Wen, Chen Shi-Lin
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
China Medico Corporation, Beijing 100062, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017 Mar;42(5):875-881. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170217.008.
This study has revealed the change of the soil micro-ecology of farmlands, which used for ginseng cultivation, brought by comprehensive soil improvement. The process of soil improvement was described as follows： soil was sterilized using trichloronitromethane, and then perilla seeds were planted. After growing up, the perillas were turned over into the field and fermented, then organic fertilizer was added. Rotary tillages were carried out during the intervals. Physical and chemical properties of treated soil were measured, as well as microbial diversity, which was illustrated using 16s high through-put sequencing. The survival rate and growth data of ginseng seedlings were recorded. The analysis showed that after improvement, the soil organic matter content was increased and soil bulk density was decreased, compare to the controls, and the fertility in 0-20 cm of soil layer was increased in the treatment. Additionally, the soil microbial diversity was changed greatly. In detail, alpha diversity of the soil decreased after soil improvement while the beta diversity increased. In order to verify the achievement of soil improvement, ginseng seedlings were planted. Compared to the untreated land blocks, the survival rate of ginseng on improved blocks was increased up to 21.4%, and the ginseng physiological index were all better than the controls. Results showed that comprehensive soil improvements including soil sterilization, green manure planting and organic fertilization application effectively improved the soil micro-ecology in farmlands. This study will pave the way for the future standardization of ginseng cultivation on farmlands.
本研究揭示了人参种植农田土壤经综合改良后土壤微生态的变化。土壤改良过程如下：用三氯硝基甲烷对土壤进行消毒，然后播种紫苏种子。紫苏长大后翻耕入土并发酵，接着添加有机肥。期间进行旋耕。测定处理后土壤的理化性质以及微生物多样性，采用16s高通量测序对其进行说明。记录人参幼苗的成活率和生长数据。分析表明，改良后土壤有机质含量增加，土壤容重降低，与对照相比，处理后0-20厘米土层的肥力增加。此外，土壤微生物多样性发生了很大变化。具体而言，土壤改良后土壤的α多样性降低，而β多样性增加。为验证土壤改良效果，种植了人参幼苗。与未处理地块相比，改良地块上人参的成活率提高了21.4%，人参生理指标均优于对照。结果表明，包括土壤消毒、种植绿肥和施用有机肥在内的综合土壤改良有效地改善了农田土壤微生态。本研究将为未来农田人参种植的标准化铺平道路。
