Guo Li-Li, Guo Shuai, Dong Lin-Lin, Shen Liang, Li Xi-Wen, Xu Jiang, Chen Shi-Lin
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
Institute of Chinese Materia Media, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 Apr;43(7):1427-1433. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180201.007.
Planting pollution-free farmland is the main mode of industrialization of ginseng cultivation, fine management of nitrogen fertilizer ginseng pollution-free farmland cultivation technology system is one of the key factors. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the accumulation of ginseng biomass and saponins synthesis in vegetative growth stage, two-years-old ginsengs were used as test materials in this study. The test materials were cultivated by Hoagland medium with different nitrogen concentration (0，10，20，40 mg·L⁻¹) for 40 days. During the cultivation, photosynthetic rate was measured four times. After 40 days cultivation, chlorophyll content, stem diameter and the spatiotemporal expression of saponin synthesis related genes PgHMGR and PgSQE were tested. The results showed that there were significant differences in the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content among different nitrogen concentrations. The relative expression level of PgHMGR gene and PgSQE gene in root, stem and leaves of ginseng were different. Ginseng seedlings cultivated by 20 mg·L⁻¹ nitrogen possess the highest photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, while PgHMGR and PgSE showed the highest gene expression level. The optimal nitrogen concentration for the growth of 2-years-old ginseng might be 20 mg·L⁻¹ with 57.14 g ammonium nitrate each plant or pure 20.00 mg nitrogen each plant. It is concluded that this concentration is the most suitable concentration for the ginsenoside synthesis. Pollution-free ginseng with fine nitrogen fertilizer cultivation is conducive to the production of high quality and efficient ginseng medicinal materials. It lays a theoretical foundation for the rational fertilization and environment-friendly sustainable ecological ginseng planting industry.
种植无公害农田是人参栽培产业化的主要模式，精细管理氮肥无公害农田栽培技术体系是关键因素之一。为了研究氮肥对人参营养生长阶段生物量积累和皂苷合成的影响，本研究以两年生人参为试验材料。试验材料用不同氮浓度（0、10、20、40 mg·L⁻¹）的霍格兰培养液培养40天。培养期间，测定4次光合速率。培养40天后，检测叶绿素含量、茎粗以及皂苷合成相关基因PgHMGR和PgSQE的时空表达。结果表明，不同氮浓度下光合速率和叶绿素含量存在显著差异。人参根、茎、叶中PgHMGR基因和PgSQE基因的相对表达水平不同。用20 mg·L⁻¹氮培养的人参幼苗光合速率和叶绿素含量最高，而PgHMGR和PgSE基因表达水平最高。两年生人参生长的最佳氮浓度可能是20 mg·L⁻¹，每株施硝酸铵57.14 g或纯氮20.00 mg。得出该浓度是皂苷合成的最适浓度。氮肥精细栽培的无公害人参有利于生产优质高效的人参药材。为合理施肥和环境友好型可持续生态人参种植产业奠定了理论基础。
