Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, California.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Apr 1;187(4):726-735. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx295.
The association between ambient temperature and morbidity has been explored previously. However, the association between temperature and mental health-related outcomes, including violence and self-harm, remains relatively unexamined. For the period 2005-2013, we obtained daily counts of mental health-related emergency room visits involving injuries with an external cause for 16 California climate zones from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and combined them with data on mean apparent temperature, a combination of temperature and humidity. Using Poisson regression models, we estimated climate zone-level associations and then used random-effects meta-analyses to produce overall estimates. Analyses were stratified by season (warm: May-October; cold: November-April), race/ethnicity, and age. During the warm season, a 10°F (5.6°C) increase in same-day mean apparent temperature was associated with 4.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6, 6.0), 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 7.1), and 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3, 8.4) increases in the risk of emergency room visits for mental health disorders, self-injury/suicide, and intentional injury/homicide, respectively. High temperatures during the cold season were also positively associated with these outcomes. Variations were observed by race/ethnicity, age group, and sex, with Hispanics, whites, persons aged 6-18 years, and females being at greatest risk for most outcomes. Increasing mean apparent temperature was found to have acute associations with mental health outcomes and intentional injuries, and these findings warrant further study in other locations.
先前已经探讨了环境温度与发病率之间的关系。然而，温度与心理健康相关结果之间的关系，包括暴力和自残，仍然相对没有得到充分研究。对于 2005 年至 2013 年期间，我们从加利福尼亚州全州卫生规划和发展办公室获得了加利福尼亚州 16 个气候区涉及因外部原因受伤的心理健康相关急诊就诊的每日计数，并将其与平均表观温度数据（温度和湿度的组合）相结合。我们使用泊松回归模型估计了气候区水平的关联，然后使用随机效应荟萃分析得出了总体估计。分析按季节（温暖：5 月至 10 月；寒冷：11 月至 4 月）、种族/民族和年龄进行分层。在温暖季节，当天平均表观温度升高 10°F（5.6°C）与心理健康障碍、自残/自杀和故意伤害/杀人的急诊就诊风险分别增加 4.8%（95%置信区间[CI]：3.6，6.0）、5.8%（95% CI：4.5，7.1）和 7.9%（95% CI：7.3，8.4）相关。寒冷季节的高温也与这些结果呈正相关。种族/民族、年龄组和性别存在差异，西班牙裔、白人和 6-18 岁的人群以及女性在大多数结果中面临最大的风险。发现平均表观温度升高与心理健康结果和故意伤害之间存在急性关联，这些发现值得在其他地区进一步研究。
