Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, California, United States of America.
Interdisciplinary Division, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 2;16(4):e0249675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249675. eCollection 2021.
Recent studies suggest that air pollutant exposure may increase the incidence of mental health conditions, however research is limited. We examined the association between ozone (O3) and fine particles (PM2.5) and emergency department (ED) visits related to mental health outcomes, including psychosis, neurosis, neurotic/stress, substance use, mood/affective, depression, bipolar, schizotypal/delusional, schizophrenia, self-harm/suicide, and homicide/inflicted injury, from 2005 through 2013 in California. Air monitoring data were provided by the U.S. EPA's Air Quality System Data Mart and ED data were provided by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. We used the time-series method with a quasi-Poisson regression, controlling for apparent temperature, day of the week, holidays, and seasonal/long-term trends. Per 10 parts per billion increase, we observed significant cumulative 7-day associations between O3 and all mental health [0.64%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21, 1.07], depression [1.87%, 95% CI: 0.62, 3.15], self-harm/suicide [1.43%, 95% CI: 0.35, 2.51], and bipolar [2.83%, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.15]. We observed 30-day lag associations between O3 and neurotic disorder [1.22%, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.97] and homicide/inflicted injury [2.01%, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.02]. Same-day mean PM2.5 was associated with a 0.42% [95% CI: 0.14, 0.70] increase in all mental health, 1.15% [95% CI: 0.62, 1.69] increase in homicide/inflicted injury, and a 0.57% [95% CI: 0.22, 0.92] increase in neurotic disorders per 10 μg/m3 increase. Other outcomes not listed here were not statistically significant for O3 or PM2.5. Risk varied by age group and was generally greater for females, Asians, and Hispanics. We also observed seasonal variation for outcomes including but not limited to depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, self-harm/suicide, and homicide/inflicted injury. Ambient O3 or PM2.5 may increase the risk of mental health illness, though underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Findings warrant further investigation to better understand the impacts of air pollutant exposure among vulnerable groups.
最近的研究表明，空气污染物的暴露可能会增加心理健康状况的发病率，但研究有限。我们研究了臭氧（O3）和细颗粒物（PM2.5）与心理健康结果（包括精神病、神经症、神经质/应激、物质使用、情绪/情感、抑郁、双相、精神分裂型/妄想、精神分裂症、自残/自杀以及杀人/伤害）之间的关联，时间范围是 2005 年至 2013 年加利福尼亚州。空气质量系统数据集市提供了美国环保署的空气监测数据，而加利福尼亚州全州卫生规划和发展办公室提供了急诊数据。我们使用时间序列方法与准泊松回归，控制明显温度、星期几、节假日和季节性/长期趋势。每增加 10 个十亿分之一，我们观察到 O3 与所有心理健康（0.64%，95%置信区间[CI]：0.21，1.07）、抑郁（1.87%，95% CI：0.62，3.15）、自残/自杀（1.43%，95% CI：0.35，2.51）和双相（2.83%，95% CI：1.53，4.15）之间存在显著的 7 天累积关联。我们观察到 O3 与神经症（1.22%，95% CI：0.48，1.97）和杀人/伤害（2.01%，95% CI：1.00，3.02）之间存在 30 天滞后关联。同日平均 PM2.5 与所有心理健康增加 0.42%（95% CI：0.14，0.70）、杀人/伤害增加 1.15%（95% CI：0.62，1.69）和神经症增加 0.57%（95% CI：0.22，0.92）相关每增加 10μg/m3。其他未在此列出的结果，O3 或 PM2.5 均无统计学意义。风险因年龄组而异，女性、亚洲人和西班牙裔的风险通常更高。我们还观察到一些结果的季节性变化，但不限于抑郁、双相、精神分裂症、自残/自杀和杀人/伤害。环境臭氧或 PM2.5 可能会增加心理健康疾病的风险，但潜在的生物学机制仍知之甚少。这些发现值得进一步调查，以更好地了解在弱势群体中暴露于空气污染物的影响。
