Jo Ick Hyun, Kim Young Chang, Kim Dong Hwi, Kim Kee Hong, Hyun Tae Kyung, Ryu Hojin, Bang Kyong Hwan
Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27715, Republic of Korea.
Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2017 Oct;41(4):444-449. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
The development of molecular markers is one of the most useful methods for molecular breeding and marker-based molecular associated selections. Even though there is less information on the reference genome, molecular markers are indispensable tools for determination of genetic variation and identification of species with high levels of accuracy and reproducibility. The demand for molecular approaches for marker-based breeding and genetic discriminations in species has greatly increased in recent times and has been successfully applied for various purposes. However, owing to the existence of diverse molecular techniques and differences in their principles and applications, there should be careful consideration while selecting appropriate marker types. In this review, we outline the recent status of different molecular marker applications in ginseng research and industrial fields. In addition, we discuss the basic principles, requirements, and advantages and disadvantages of the most widely used molecular markers, including restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, sequence tag sites, simple sequence repeats, and single nucleotide polymorphisms.
分子标记的开发是分子育种和基于标记的分子关联选择最有用的方法之一。尽管参考基因组的信息较少，但分子标记仍是用于确定遗传变异和高精度、可重复地鉴定物种的不可或缺的工具。近年来，基于标记的育种和物种遗传鉴别对分子方法的需求大幅增加，并已成功应用于各种目的。然而，由于存在多种分子技术及其原理和应用的差异，在选择合适的标记类型时应仔细考虑。在本综述中，我们概述了不同分子标记在人参研究和工业领域的应用现状。此外，我们还讨论了最广泛使用的分子标记的基本原理、要求以及优缺点，包括限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性DNA、序列标签位点、简单序列重复和单核苷酸多态性。
