Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland; Centre for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, State College, PA 16802, United States.
Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
Curr Opin Virol. 2018 Feb;28:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.003. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Hantaviruses are primarily hosted by mammalian species of the orders Rodentia, Eulipotyphla and Chiroptera. Spillover to humans is common, and understanding hantavirus maintenance and transmission in reservoir host populations is important for efforts to curtail human disease. Recent field research challenges traditional phases of virus shedding kinetics derived from laboratory rodent infection experiments. Organ infection sites in non-rodent hosts suggest similar transmission routes to rodents, but require direct assessment. Further advances have also been made in understanding virus persistence (and fadeouts) in fluctuating host populations, as well as occupational, recreational and environmental risk factors associated with spillover to humans. However, despite relevance for both intra-species and inter-species transmission, our understanding of the longevity of hantaviruses in natural environments remains limited.
汉坦病毒主要宿主为啮齿目、食虫目和翼手目哺乳动物。病毒向人类溢出较为常见，了解病毒在宿主种群中的维持和传播对于控制人类疾病的努力非常重要。最近的实地研究挑战了从实验室啮齿动物感染实验中得出的病毒脱落动力学的传统阶段。非啮齿动物宿主的器官感染部位提示与啮齿动物类似的传播途径，但需要直接评估。在波动宿主种群中病毒持续存在（和衰减）以及与向人类溢出相关的职业、娱乐和环境风险因素方面，也取得了进一步的进展。然而，尽管与种内和种间传播都有关，但我们对汉坦病毒在自然环境中的持久性的了解仍然有限。
