Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto General Site, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto General Site, Toronto, ON, Canada -
Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Mar;84(3):389-397. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12112-7. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have become an essential tool in airway management. Over the past three decades, these devices have been increasingly adopted as an alternative to face mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation. The range of proposed uses and features has increased significantly. They are used in pre- and in-hospital settings, elective and emergency anesthesia, in spontaneously breathing and ventilated patients, as conduits for intubation, as a bridge to extubation and for airway rescue. With SADs, serious complications such as aspiration and loss of airway are rare and largely preventable. Adequate operator experience, familiarity with the selected device, attention to details and careful patient selection are fundamental to safety and proficiency. In this review, we explore the increasing proposed uses for SADs and discuss possible complications and the management of these.
声门上气道装置（SAD）已成为气道管理的重要工具。在过去的三十年中，这些装置已越来越多地被用作面罩通气和/或气管插管的替代方法。提出的用途和功能范围显著增加。它们在医院内外环境中使用，包括择期和紧急麻醉，用于自主呼吸和机械通气的患者，作为插管的通道，作为拔管和气道抢救的桥梁。使用 SAD 时，严重的并发症（如误吸和气道丢失）很少见，且在很大程度上是可以预防的。操作人员具备足够的经验、熟悉所选设备、关注细节和仔细选择患者是安全和熟练操作的基础。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了 SAD 越来越多的应用，并讨论了可能出现的并发症及其处理方法。
