Smith Harry A, Gonzalez Javier T, Thompson Dylan, Betts James A
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Nutr Rev. 2017 Oct 1;75(10):783-797. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux045.
The role of dietary carbohydrates in the development of obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction has recently been questioned. Within the last decade, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the role of dietary carbohydrates in human health. The current review aims to complement and extend this report by providing specific consideration of the effects of the component parts of energy balance, their interactions, and their culmination on energy storage and health. PubMed was searched for all published trials that had a minimum follow-up period of 3 months and were designed to manipulate dietary carbohydrate intake, irrespective of resultant differences in absolute carbohydrate dose (grams per day). Dietary carbohydrate manipulation has little effect on the individual components of energy balance that have been assessed. However, the role of dietary carbohydrates in influencing physical activity has yet to be assessed using gold-standard measurement tools. Moreover, adherence to a diet of modified carbohydrate content has not been found to result in a consistent pattern of changes in weight or indirect measures of metabolic health. However, certain markers of cardiovascular disease risk (ie, blood triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) may respond positively to a reduction in dietary carbohydrates.
膳食碳水化合物在肥胖及相关代谢功能障碍发展过程中的作用最近受到了质疑。在过去十年里，营养科学咨询委员会对膳食碳水化合物在人类健康中的作用进行了全面评估。本综述旨在通过具体考虑能量平衡各组成部分的影响、它们之间的相互作用以及它们对能量储存和健康的最终影响，对该报告进行补充和扩展。在PubMed上搜索了所有已发表的试验，这些试验的最短随访期为3个月，且旨在控制膳食碳水化合物摄入量，而不考虑碳水化合物绝对剂量（每天克数）的最终差异。膳食碳水化合物的控制对已评估的能量平衡各组成部分影响不大。然而，膳食碳水化合物对身体活动的影响尚未使用金标准测量工具进行评估。此外，尚未发现坚持碳水化合物含量改变的饮食会导致体重变化或代谢健康间接指标的一致模式。然而，某些心血管疾病风险标志物（即血液甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）可能对减少膳食碳水化合物有积极反应。
