Osimani Andrea, Cardinali Federica, Aquilanti Lucia, Garofalo Cristiana, Roncolini Andrea, Milanović Vesna, Pasquini Marina, Tavoletti Stefano, Clementi Francesca
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2017 Dec 18;263:38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.009. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of transferable determinants conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, vancomycin, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides in 40 samples of commercialized edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.) purchased from European Union (EU) and non-EU producers. A high prevalence of tet(K) was observed in all of the samples assayed, with percentages of PCR-based positivity that ranged from 80% (samples from Thailand) to 100% (samples from the Netherlands, Belgium and France). For macrolides, erm(B) prevailed, being detected in 57.5% of the samples assayed, whereas erm(A) and erm(C) were detected with lower frequencies. Genes for resistance to vancomycin were only detected in samples produced in France and Belgium, with 90% and 10% of the samples being positive for vanA, respectively. Beta-lactamase genes were found with low occurrence, whereas the gene aac-aph, conferring high resistance to aminoglycosides, was found in 40% of the samples produced in the Netherlands and Belgium and 20% of the samples produced in Thailand. The results of Principal Coordinate Analysis and Principal Component Analysis depicted a clean separation of the samples collected from the four producers based on the distribution of the 12 AR determinants considered. Given the growing interest on the use of mealworms as a novel protein source, AR detection frequencies found in the present study suggest further investigation into the use of antibiotics during rearing of this insect species and more extensive studies focused on the factors that can affect the diffusion of transferable ARs in the production chain. Until such studies are completed, prudent use of antibiotics during rearing of edible insects is recommended.
本研究旨在评估从欧盟（EU）和非欧盟生产商购买的40份商业化食用黄粉虫（黄粉虫）样本中，对四环素、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链阳菌素B、万古霉素、β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类具有抗性的可转移决定因素的出现情况。在所有检测的样本中均观察到tet(K)的高流行率，基于PCR的阳性率范围为80%（来自泰国的样本）至100%（来自荷兰、比利时和法国的样本）。对于大环内酯类，erm(B)占主导地位，在57.5%的检测样本中被检测到，而erm(A)和erm(C)的检测频率较低。仅在法国和比利时生产的样本中检测到对万古霉素的抗性基因，分别有90%和10%的样本对vanA呈阳性。β-内酰胺酶基因的出现频率较低，而赋予对氨基糖苷类高抗性的基因aac-aph在荷兰和比利时生产的40%的样本以及泰国生产的20%的样本中被发现。主坐标分析和主成分分析的结果表明，根据所考虑的12种抗生素抗性决定因素的分布，从四个生产商收集的样本能够清晰分离。鉴于对将黄粉虫用作新型蛋白质来源的兴趣日益增加，本研究中发现的抗生素抗性检测频率表明，需要进一步研究该昆虫养殖过程中抗生素的使用情况，以及更广泛地研究影响可转移抗生素抗性在生产链中扩散的因素。在完成此类研究之前，建议在食用昆虫养殖过程中谨慎使用抗生素。
