汶川地震后父母和青少年的创伤后应激障碍症状：纵向演员-伙伴相互依存模型。
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in parents and adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model.
机构信息
School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2018 Jan 15;226:301-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.011. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
BACKGROUND
Previous research has examined the association between parents' and children's posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) after a variety of traumatic events. However, longitudinal parent-child dyadic studies are scarce.
METHODS
Independent self-reports were collected from parent-adolescent dyads (n = 688) after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Adolescents (Mean = 15.22 years; 61.63% female) and one of their parents (Mean = 41.04 years; 58.14% female) each reported on their PTSS at 12 (T) and 18 months (T) following the earthquake. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were used to examine PTSS within dyads.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of probable PTSD at T and T were 18.90% and 11.92% in adolescents; as well as 22.09% and 15.12% in parents, showing a significant decline over time. After adjusted for earthquake exposure, both maternal and paternal PTSS at T prospectively predicted adolescent girls' and boys' PTSS at T (mother to daughter: β = 0.13; mother to son: β = 0.17; father to daughter: β = 0.17; father to son: β = 0.33), while adolescent girls' and boys' PTSS at T only predicted maternal PTSS at T (daughter to mother: β = 0.20; son to mother: β = 0.20), but not paternal PTSS at T.
LIMITATIONS
Self-reported measures other than clinical reviews were used to collect data.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the mutual impacts of adolescent and parental (especially maternal) PTSS after a disaster. Psychological prevention and intervention for adolescent disaster survivors should adopt a whole family approach.
背景
先前的研究已经考察了在各种创伤性事件后父母和孩子创伤后应激障碍症状（PTSS）之间的关联。然而，纵向的父母-子女二元研究却很少。
方法
在 2008 年汶川地震后，从父母-青少年二元组（n = 688）中独立收集自我报告。青少年（平均年龄 = 15.22 岁；61.63%为女性）和他们的父母中的一位（平均年龄 = 41.04 岁；58.14%为女性）分别在地震后 12 个月（T）和 18 个月（T）报告他们的 PTSS。使用纵向的演员-伙伴相互依赖模型（APIM）来检验二元组内的 PTSS。
结果
在 T 和 T 时，青少年的 PTSD 患病率分别为 18.90%和 11.92%；父母的患病率分别为 22.09%和 15.12%，显示出随时间的显著下降。在调整了地震暴露后，T 时的母亲和父亲的 PTSS 都前瞻性地预测了青少年女孩和男孩在 T 时的 PTSS（母亲对女儿：β=0.13；母亲对儿子：β=0.17；父亲对女儿：β=0.17；父亲对儿子：β=0.33），而青少年女孩和男孩在 T 时的 PTSS 仅预测了 T 时母亲的 PTSS（女儿对母亲：β=0.20；儿子对母亲：β=0.20），但不能预测 T 时父亲的 PTSS。
局限性
除了临床评估外，本研究还使用了自我报告的测量方法来收集数据。
结论
本研究强调了灾难后青少年和父母（特别是母亲）PTSS 的相互影响。对青少年灾难幸存者的心理预防和干预应采取整个家庭的方法。
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