Menocal Octavio, Cruz Luisa F, Kendra Paul E, Crane Jonathan H, Ploetz Randy C, Carrillo Daniel
Tropical Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031-3314.
USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158-1857.
Environ Entomol. 2017 Dec 8;46(6):1275-1283. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx151.
Like other ambrosia beetles, Xyleborus volvulus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with fungi that serve as food source. Until recently, X. volvulus was not considered a pest, and none of its symbionts were considered plant pathogens. However, recent reports of an association between X. volvulus and Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), the cause of the laurel wilt disease of avocado (Persea americana Mill. [Laurales: Lauraceae]), and its potential role as vector of the pathogen merit further investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate three artificial media containing sawdust obtained from avocado or silkbay (Persea humilis Nash) for laboratory rearing of X. volvulus. The effect of R. lauricola in the media on the beetle's reproduction was also evaluated. Of the three media, the one with the lowest content of sawdust and intermediate water content provided the best conditions for rearing X. volvulus. Reproduction on this medium was not affected by the sawdust species or the presence of R. lauricola. On the other two media, there was a significant interaction between sawdust species and R. lauricola. The presence of R. lauricola generally had a negative effect on brood production. There was limited colonization of the mycangia of X. volvulus by R. lauricola on media inoculated with the pathogen. From galleries formed within the best medium, there was 50% recovery of R. lauricola, but recovery was much less from the other two media. Here, we report the best artificial substrate currently known for X. volvulus.
与其他粉蠹虫一样，旋小蠹（Xyleborus volvulus Fabricius，鞘翅目：象甲科）与作为食物来源的真菌形成互利共生关系。直到最近，旋小蠹都未被视为害虫，其共生菌也都未被视为植物病原体。然而，最近有报道称旋小蠹与牛油果（鳄梨，Persea americana Mill. [樟目：樟科]）月桂枯萎病的病原菌月桂疫霉（Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva，长喙壳目：长喙壳科）有关联，并且其作为该病原菌传播媒介的潜在作用值得进一步研究。本研究的目的是评估三种含有从牛油果或锡兰鳄梨（Persea humilis Nash）获取的锯末的人工培养基，用于旋小蠹的实验室饲养。还评估了培养基中月桂疫霉对甲虫繁殖的影响。在这三种培养基中，锯末含量最低且含水量适中的培养基为饲养旋小蠹提供了最佳条件。在这种培养基上的繁殖不受锯末种类或月桂疫霉存在的影响。在另外两种培养基上，锯末种类和月桂疫霉之间存在显著的相互作用。月桂疫霉的存在通常对幼虫生产有负面影响。在接种病原菌的培养基上，月桂疫霉对旋小蠹菌囊的定殖有限。在最佳培养基中形成的虫道内，月桂疫霉的回收率为50%，但在另外两种培养基中的回收率要低得多。在此，我们报告了目前已知的用于旋小蠹的最佳人工基质。
